Term
|
Definition
| a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particle in an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lowest possible temperature (0 K, -237°C) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a strip made by stacking two different metals in a long thin strip; because the different metals expand at different rates, a bimetallic strip can coil and uncoil with changes in temperature; bimetallic strips are used in devices such as thermostats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures; energy is always transferred from higher-temperature objects to lower-temperature objects until thermal equilibrium is reached; also the amount of energy that is transferred between objects that are at different temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the total energy of the particles that make up an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the point at which two objects reach the same temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another through direct contact; conduction can also occur within a substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that conducts thermal energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the circular motion of liquids or gases due to density differences that result from temperature differences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that does not conduct thermal energy well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the natural heating process of a planet, such as the Earth, by which gases in the atmosphere trap thermal energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transfer of energy through matter or space as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures; energy is always transferred from higher-temperature objects to lower-temperature objects until thermal equilibrium is reached; also the amount of energy that is transferred between objects that are at different temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of .001 kg of water by 1°C; 1 calorie is equivalent to 4.184 J |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device used to determine the specific heat capacity of a substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories; the kilocalorie can also be referred to as the Calorie, which is the unit of energy listed on food labels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the physical forms in which a substance can exist; states include solid, liquid, gas, and plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the conversion of a substance from one physical form to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance; many physical changes are easy to undo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change that occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties; cannot be reversed using physical means |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that reduces the transfer of thermal energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a solar-heating system consisting of solar collectors and a network of pipes that distributes energy from the sun throughout a building |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a solar-heating system that relies on thick walls and large windows to use energy from the sun as a means of heating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the burning of fuel; specifically, the process in which fuel combines with oxygen in a chemical change that produces thermal energy |
|
|
Term
| external combustion engine |
|
Definition
| a heat engine that burns fuel outside the engine, such as a steam engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine that uses heat to do work |
|
|
Term
| internal combustion engine |
|
Definition
| a heat engine that burns fuel inside the engine; for example, an automobile engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the excessive heating of a body of water |
|
|
