Term
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Definition
| poor and landless citizens that volunteered to be professional soldiers |
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Term
| Why did Marius allow volunteers in his army? |
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Definition
| The republic fought longer wars farther from Rome and the property-owning citizens became reluctant to serve. |
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Term
| Why were Roman armies considered unstoppable? |
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Definition
| Roman armies were considered unstoppable because the legions became an efficient military machine that Rome used to conquer. Rome recruited soldiers from the regions it defeated, which led to more military might and manpower. They would also send an even bigger army the next time. |
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Term
| What were the duties of a legionary? |
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Definition
| Legionaries learned to carry out complicated instruction in the chaos of battle. At the end of each day, they built a fortified camp with deep ditches and high walls called palisades. Over time, they also built the straight roads and strong bridges that connected the republic and carried its men to battle. |
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Term
| What adjectives could be used to describe Roman armor? |
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Definition
| heavy, protective, and prepared |
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Term
| Based on the armor, what challenges did the Roman soldiers face on and off the battle field? |
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Definition
| It was very heavy which may have slowed them down or hurt them. |
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Term
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Definition
| A North African city that was immensely rich |
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Term
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Definition
| A Carthaginian general whose father (Hamilcar Barca) was defeated by rome. Hannibal outsmarted Rome by using brilliant tactics. He eventually was defeated and fled to Asia Minor (Present day Turkey) |
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Term
| How did being defeated by Carthage at sea improve Rome's navy? |
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Definition
| After being defeated by Carthage's navy Rome quickly built a fleet of 120 powerful warships that beat the Carthaginian navy in almost every battle. |
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Term
| Why are Hannibal's military tactics still studied today? |
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Definition
| Hannibal attacked one of Rome's allies in southern Spain. While the Romans were planning a counter attack Hannibal led about 60,000 soldiers and a herd of war elephants out of Spain and invaded the Italian Peninsula by land which surprised Rome. Many of the Roman soldiers, who never seen an elephant fled in terror. |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the two Punic Wars |
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Definition
- First Punic War was in Sicily while the second was in Spain
- First Punic War was fought mainly at sea while the second was on land
- Carthage won the first battle with both Punic Wars
- Rome eventually won both wars in the end
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Term
| Based on the article, what were likely some of Hannibal's biggest challenges when he crossed the Alps during the winter? |
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Definition
| Crossing the Alps which were thought to be impassable in the winter he may have suffered soldier's and elephants freezing or broken bones from the mountains. |
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Term
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Definition
| A city and it's adjoining lands. |
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Term
| How did the Romans ensure that Carthage would cease to exist? |
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Definition
| Rome surrounded the land and stopped Carthage's food supply starving the defenders. Roman soldiers battered city's walls with catapults and stormed the shattered walls. Rome sold the remain Carthage survivors as slaves and destroyed every building. |
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Term
| Why was Rome forced to make peace with Macedonia during the First Macedonian War? |
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Definition
| Philip V of Macedonia launched the first war while the Romans were fighting off Hannibal. Not having enough army to fight both Rome made peace with Macedonia at first. |
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Term
| How did the defeat of Phillip of Macedonia help Rome dominate the Mediterranean? |
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Definition
| After the Romans defeated Phillip of Macedonia Rome also destroyed the city of Corinth and conquered Greece. Roman power now extended from the iberian Peninsula to the islands of Greece. This made Rome the new superpower of the ancient world. |
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