When assessing a patient with signs and symtoms of shock, it is MOST important to remember that:

A. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

B. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock.

C. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.

D. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of schock

Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock?

A. dizziness

B. wheezing

C. pallor

D. hypotension

Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. heart attack.

B. increased preload

C. poor contractility

D. increased afteload

Shock is the result of:

A. hypoperfusion to the cells of the body

B. temporary dusfunction of majororgan

C. widespread constriction of the blood vessels

D. the body's maintenance of homeostasis

When the body senses a state of hypoperfusion, the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine, the effects of which include:

A. tachypnea

B. restlessness

C. tachycardia

D. vasodilation

You respond to a residence for patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should:

A. assess the rate and quality of his pulse

B. apply direct pressure to the wound

C. immediately evaluate his airway

D. administer 100% supplemental oxygen

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed frmo the body by the lungs is:

A. pyruvic acid

B. lactic acid

C. carbon monoxide

D. carbon dioxide

In infants and children, a capillary refill time (CRT) that is greater than _____ second(s) is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion.

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 1

Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because:

A. the most likely cause of hypotension is respiratory failure

B. it typically develops earlier in children than it does in adults

C. most children iwth hypotension die in the prehospital setting

D. it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume

When perfusion to the core of the body decreases:

A. decreased cardiac contractility occurs

B. blood is shunted away from the skin

C. the voluntary nervous system releases hormones

D. blood is diverted to the gastrointestinal tract

Shock:

A. refers to a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system

B. results in adequate flow of blood to the body's cells

C. creates an excess of cellular mutrients

D. all of the blood

Blood flow through the capillary beds is regulated by:

A. systolic pressure

B. the capillary sphincters

C. perfusion

D. diastolic pressure

B. the capillary sphincters

The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as:

A. sweating

B. digestion

C. constiction and dilation of capillary sphincters

D. all of the above

Regulation of blood flow is determined by:

A. oxygen intake

B. systolic pressure

C. cellular need

D. diastolic pressure

Perfusion requires having a working cardiovascular system as well as:

A. adequate oxygen exchange in the lungs

B. adequate nutrients in the form of glucose in the blood

C. adequate waste removal

D. all of the above

The action of hormones suck as epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulates _________ to maintain pressure in the system and, as a result, perfusion of all vital organs.

A. an increase in heart rate

B. an increase in the strength of cardiac contractions

C. vasoconstriction in nonessential areas

D. all of the above

Basic causes of shock include:

A. poor pump functions

B. blood or fluid loss

C. blood vessel dilation

D. all of the above

Noncardiovascular causes of shock include respiratory insufficiency and:

A. sepsis

B. metabolism

C. anaphylaxis

D. hypovolemia

_______ develops when the heart muscle can no longer generate enought pressure to circulate the blood to all organs.

A. pump failure

B. cardiogenic shock

C. a myocardial infartion

D. confestive heart failure

B. cardiogenic shock

Neurogenic shock usually results from damage to the spinal cord at the:

A. cervical level

B. thoracic level

C. lumbar level 

D. sacral level

In septic shock:

A. there is an insufficient volume of fluid in the container

B. the fluid that has leaked out often collects in the respiratory system

C. there is a larger-than-normal vascular bed to contain the smaller-than-normal volume of intravascular fluid

D. All of the above

Neurogenic shock is caused by:

A. a radical change in the size of the vascular system

B. massive vasoconstriction

C. low volume

D. fluid collecting around the spinal cord causing compression of the cord

Hypovolemic shock is a result of:

A. widespread vasodilation

B. low volume

C. massive vasoconstriction

D. pump failure

An insufficient of _______ in the blood can produce shock as rapidly as vasculer causes.

A. oxygen

B. hormones

C. epinephrine

D. histamine

In anaphylactic shock, the combination of poor oxygenation and poor perfusion is a result of:

A. widespread vasodilation

B. low volume

C. massive vasoconstriction

D. pump failure

You should suspect shock in all of the following except:

A. a mild allergic reaction

B. multiple severe fractures

C. a severe infection

D. abdominal or chest injury

When treating a suspected shock patient, vital signs should be recorded appoximately every _______ minutes

A. 2

B. 5

C. 10

D. 15

The Golden Period refers to the first 60 minutes afterL

A. medical help arrives on scene

B. transport begins

C. the injury occurs

D. 9-1-1 is called

Signs of cardiogenic shock include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. cyanosis 

B. strong, bounding pulse

C. nausea

D. anxiety

_________ is a sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces temorary vascular dilation and fainting.

A. Neurogenic shock

B. Psychogenic shock

C. Vascular shock

D. Cardiogenic shock

True or False

Life threatening allergic reations can occur in response to almost any substance that a patient may encounter

True or False

Bleeding is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock following an injury

True or False

Shock occurs when oxygen and nutrients cannot get to the body's cell

True or False

A person in shock, left untreated, will most likely survive

True or False

Compensated shock is related o the last stages of shock

True or False

An injection of epinephrine is the only really effective treatment for anaphylactic shock

True or False

Septic shock is a combination of vessel and content failure

True or False

Metabolism is the cardiovascular system's circulation of blood and oxygen to all cells in different tissues and organs of the body.

True or False

Shock occurs only with massive blood loss from the body

True or False

Decompensated shock occurs when the systolic blood pressure falls below 120 mmHg

Fill-in-the-Blank

______ refers to the failure of the cardiovascular system

Fill-in-the-Blank

Pressure in the arteries during cardiac _______ is known as systolic pressure.

Fill-in-the-Blank

The body responds to shock by directing blood flow away from organs that are more ______ of low flow.

Fill-in-the-Blank

Blood pressure is a rough measurment of _______.

Fill-in-the-Blank

The cardiovascular system consists of the _________, ________, and ________.

Fill-in-the-Blank

Inadequate circulation that does not meet the body's needs is known as ______.

Fill-in-the-Blank

_______ are circular muscle walls in capillaries, causeing the walls to _______ and ______.

Fill-in-the-Blank

_________ pressure occurs during cardiac relaxtion, while _________ pressure occurs during cardiac contractions.

Fill-in-the-Blank

_______ pressure is the pressure in the blood vessels at all times.

Fill-in-the-Blank

The autonomic nervous system controls the ________ actions of the body