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Chapter 10 Notes
Chapter 10 Water cycle
35
Geology
8th Grade
12/18/2012

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Term
Water Cycle
Definition
the continual movement of water between the oceans, land, and atmosphere 
Term
Hydrologist
Definition
a scientist who studies Earth's water systems and helps find solutions related to water quality and quantity
Term
Oceanographer
Definition
a scientist who studies the ocean
Term
Salinity
Definition
a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in a liquid
Term
Run-Off
Definition
water that is not absorbed immediately by Earth's surface but flows downhill over the land and buildings into water bodies and sewers
Term
Drainage Basin
Definition
the area of land which precipitation falls and drains into a river (watershed)
Term
Ground Water
Definition
the water that has seeped into the ground
Term
Aquifer
Definition
an underground layer of porous rock which water can flow through easily
Term
Reservoir
Definition
a large natural of artificial lake or holding pond used to collect and store water for human use
Term
Water Table
Definition
the level beneath the ground in which porous rocks are filled with water
Term
Glaciers
Definition
a large moving mass of compressed ice or snow
Term
Crevasses
Definition
deep crack that forms in a glacier
Term
Icebergs
Definition
a large chunk of ice that breaks off a glacier into the ocean
Term
Weathering
Definition
the gradual process of breaking down rock into smaller pieces
Term
Physical Weathering
Definition
the gradual process of breaking down rock physically without changing its composition
Term
Chemical Weathering
Definition
the process through which rock is broken down when its minerals react with chemical agents such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and acids
Term
Biological Weathering
Definition
physical or chemical weathering caused by plants or animals
Term
Erosion
Definition
the transport of sediments from one place to another by agents such as water, glaciers, gravity, and wind
Term
Deposition
Definition
the process in which eroded sediments and other material are dropped or left by water or ice
Term
Caves
Definition
a large underground hollow in rock created over time by weathering and erosion
Term
Sinkholes
Definition
a large circular depression in the ground caused by the collapse of an underground cave
Term
Karst
Definition
an area with many sinkholes
Term
Rapids
Definition
an area of fast-moving, churning water in a steep, rocky river
Term
Landslide
Definition
a sudden, rapid movement of rock material down the slope of a hill or mountain
Term
Striations
Definition
scratch marks cut into rock by glaciers slowly moving over land
Term
Arête 
Definition
a narrow ridge between two cirques
Term
Cirque
Definition
a bowl shaped valley at the head of a glacier
Term
Fiord
Definition
a narrow inlet of ocean between steep cliffs carved by glaciers
Term
Hanging Valley
Definition
a U-shaped valley cut off by a bigger valley created by a larger glacier
Term
Horn
Definition
a pyramid shaped peak located between three cirques
Term
Delta
Definition
an area of built-up sediment deposited by a river where the river empties into an ocean or lake
Term
Erratic
Definition
a large boulder deposited on the ground by a glacier
Term
Esker
Definition
a winding ridge of material deposited by a stream running under a glacier
Term
Moraine
Definition
a ridge of rocky material deposited by a glacier
Term
Outwash
Definition
material deposited by water from melting glaciers
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