A: The water cycle is the process of evaporation, condensation, precipitation reoccuring over and over again  to the water on Earth.

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A: Salt water has a freezing point of -1.9 degrees celsius and fresh water has a freezing point of 0 degrees celsius. The reason salt water has a lower freezing point is because the salt in the salt water lowers the freezing point of the solution.[image]

A: Salinity is the amount of salt that has dissolved into water. Salinity is different depending on the location. Near the equator and North and South Poles, salinity is high whereas near the continents, salinity is lower than middle parts of the ocean. That is because fresh water from rivers near the continents dilute the salt water

A: A hydrologist is a person who studies water systems in order to find ways to improve water quality and quantity.

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A: An oceanographer is a person who studies ocean systems

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A:  Heat added to a solid can cause sublimation. Sublimation is the change of state of a substance directly from a solid into a gas, skipping the liquid state.

Heat taken away from a gas can cause deposition. Deposition is the change of state directly from a gas to solid, once again skipping the liquid state.

A: Heat added to liquid causes evaporation. Evaporation is the change of state of a substance from a liquid into a gas.

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A: Heat taken away from a liquid causes condensation. Condensation is the change of state of a substance from a gas into a  liquid.

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A: Sinkholes are formed when dissolved rock material lie near the surface. An area with many sinkholes is called a karst

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A: Density is the mass of a given volume, it is measured in kg/m3. The formula to find density is mass divided by volume.

Salt in ocean water makes ocean water denser than fresh water.

A:Ocean water is salty because when water moves through or over rocks and picks up dissolved solids. Undersea and land volcano eruptions contribute to the salinity because the eruptions release a vast amount of sulfur, chlorine, hydrogen, and flourine. 

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A: Adding heat to a liquid causes it to melt. Melting is the change of state of a substance from a solid into a liquid.

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A: Taking away heat from a liquid causes it to solidify. Solidification is the change of state of a substance from a liquid into a solid.

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A: Run-off is when precipitation that has been rained down flows over the surface of the ground and runs off into bodies of water, this happens due to gravity pulling it. Factors that affect run-off is the nature of the ground material, the amount of rain, how long it rains, the slope of the land, the amount of vegetation, and the amount of development in the area.

A: A drainage basin or watershed is an area of land that drains run-off into a stream,lake, or river. 

A: The water table is located in the zone of saturation and is the depth at which water is found underground.

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A: Ground water is water that has seeped into and throught the pores or cracks of underground rocks.

A: Glaciers are colossal masses of snow and ice that gradually move downhill. There are two different types of glaciers; alpine glaciers and continental glaciers. 

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A: Crevasses are deep cracks that form when it slowly spills over the edge of land

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A: Icebergs are large chunks of a glacier that broke off due to gravity pulling down on them.

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A: Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller parts. There are 3 different types of weathering; physical weathering, chemcial weathering, and biological weathering.

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A: Chemical weathering is when a chemical reaction occurs that causes the rock to break down and or decompose. This causes the rock to change its composition and leave the rock weakened.

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A: Physical weathering is when rocks are broken down through physical means, but its composition remains the same.

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A: Biological weathering is when either a chemical or physical weathering has been caused by an organism.

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A: Deposition is the dropping of rock pieces that have been transported from one area to another.

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A: Erosion is the transportation of rock pieces away from the original spot. The main agents of erosion are, water,glaciers, gravity, and the wind.

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A: Rapids are where water moves swiftly over multiple exposed pieces of rock, these can be formed usually where a river channel is rocky and steep

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A: Landslides is when a sudden, quick movement of rock material is moving down a slope on a hill or mountain. An avalanche is a landslide of ice and snow which you have probably another heard of

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A: Striations are scratch marks left on rocks made by ice sheets that slowly moved downhill and scraped the land it was passing.

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A: Esker- Winding ridge of material that is deposited by a stream that is running under a glacier

Erratic- A large boulder that is deposited by a glacier

Moraine- Ridge of rocky material

Outwash- Material deposited by the water of melting glaciers

A: Arete- Narrow ridge that is between 2 cirques

Cirque- Located at the head of a glacier, bowl shaped

Fiord- A narrow inlet of ocean that is in between steep cliffs

Hanging valley- U-shaped valley that is cut off by a bigger valley that was created by an even larger glacier

Horn- Located between 3 cirques, pyramid shaped peak