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The change of state from gas to liquid. Happens whem heat is taken away from water vapour.
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The change of state from liquid to gas. Happen when heat is added to liquid.
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| The point when liquid turns into a solid(solidification). For water the freezing point is 0°C. |
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| A person who studies Earth's water systems and helps find solutions to problems of water quality and quantity. |
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| The change of state from solid to liquid form. Happens when heat is added to frozen water(for example an ice cube). |
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| The change of state from liquid to solid. Happens when energy is removed from water, or when water reaches it's freezing point. |
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| The change of state from ice to water vapour(skipping liquid state).Happens when a large amount of energy is added to matter. |
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| The measure of the mass of an object of a given volume. Can also be explained as a measure of how tightly packed together a material is in an object. Density is measured in kg/cm3. It can be calculated by dividing mass by volume(m/v). |
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| The amount of salt dissolved in water. |
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| Deep cracks that form on glaciers when spilling over land mass and heading into water. |
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Traps two thirds of the world's fresh water in the form of snow or ice. Glaciers are large blocks or sheets of ice that slowly flow downhill. For a glacier to form, more snow must fall than melts in the summer. After many years of this happening, the snow gets very deep, compressing the snow on the bottom into ice. Glaciers cover about 10 percent of Earth’s land area. There are two types of glaciers. Alpine, or valley, glaciers are
located in mountain areas. Continental glaciers, or ice sheets, are much more massive and cover large areas of land. The two largest ice sheets on Earth are found in Antarctica and Greenland. Glaciers have an enormous effect on the water cycle. During the last ice age (which started about 70 000 years ago and ended just 10 000 years ago), glaciers covered most of the northern part of the world—and all of British Columbia. The water that normally would have been moving through the water cycle was frozen in ice. Ocean levels around the world also dropped about 100m below what they are today. |
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| The force that pulls run-offs to down to the lowest point is can reach. It is also the same force pulling everything towards the centre of Earth. |
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| The water makes its way into spaces(pores) of rock. It can flow like water in a river, but instead of following a river valley, ground wter flows through the rock pores. |
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| Big chunks of ice that fall from glaciers and into the water. |
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| These underground caves are formed by acidic water dissolving rocks. |
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A area of built-up sediment deposited where a river empties into an ocean or a lake.
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| One way of changing Earth's surface with building up. Creates many notable features on Earth's surface. It is responsible for building features such as sand dunes and deltas. This word comes from the verb "to deposit". |
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| The process of transporting rock fragments from their original location. The main transporters of erosion are water, glaciers, gravity, and wind. Erosion can occur quickly, unlike weathering, for example: all it takes is one wave to flatten a sand castle. |
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| An area with many sinkholes. |
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| A sudden, rapid movement of rock material down the slope of a hill or mountain. |
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| The place where water moves very quickly or rapidly over exposed pieces of rock. The water flow there is jumbled and chaotic, and the water can look white with the churning of air bubbles. Rapids form where a channel is very rocky and steep. |
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| Scratch marks left on rocks when ice sheets are being pulled down by gravity. |
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Weathering (chemical, biology, physical)
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Weathering
The process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments.
Chemical weathering
A chemical reaction causes rock to break down, or decompose. When it occurs, the mierals in the rocks change their composition and the rock becomes weaker.
Physical weathering
Rocks being broken down by physical means, such as being scratched to bits by harder rocks, but their chemical composition does not change.
Biological weathering
The situation wher chemical and physical weathering happens together. |
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| Created if the dissolved rock material lies close to the surface, or if the cave formed by the dissolved rock collapses. |
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| A layer of rock that is porous and allows water to flow through it. |
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| Large human-made or natural lakes that store water until people need it. The place where many people who live in cities or towns get their household water. |
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| The depth deep into ground where water can be found. It lies at the level called zone of saturation. |
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| The area of land on which precipitation falls and works its way into a comon river. Also called watershed. Any water falling into a drainage basin will flow down into a particular stream. |
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| The flow of water from a higher point to a lower point or ocean due to the effects of gravity. |
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| The cycle that changes the state of water constantly, there is no beginning or end to this cycle. |
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