Term
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Definition
| the length of a spring when there is no applied push or pull |
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Term
| What are the units for the spring constant "k"? |
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Definition
| force per unit length (N/m) |
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Term
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Definition
a spring that behaves according to
Fx*applied* = k(x) |
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Term
| Sometimes the spring constant "k" is referred to as the _____ of the spring |
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Definition
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Term
| A large value for "k" means that the spring is _____, in the sense that a large force is required to stretch or compress it |
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Definition
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Term
| The reaction force applied to the object attached to the spring is also called a _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
when the restoring force has the mathematical form given by
Fx = -k(x); a type of friction-free motion |
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Term
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Definition
| a graph that has the shape of a trigonometric sine or cosine function |
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Term
| Can the restoring force lead to simple harmonic motion when the object is attached to a vertical spring or a horizontal spring? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the number of cycles of motion per second |
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Term
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Definition
| the time required to complete one cycle |
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Term
| Is the velocity of an object in simple harmonic motion constant? |
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Definition
| no! (it varies between maximum & minimum values as time passes) |
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Term
| Is there acceleration in simple harmonic motion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the potential energy that a spring has when it is stretched or compressed |
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Term
| SI unit of elastic potential energy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a particle of mass "m" attached to a frictionless pivot "P" by a cable of length "L" and negligible mass |
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Term
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Definition
| when the object on the pendulum is a rigid extended object |
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Term
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Definition
| motion that has an oscillation amplitude that decreases as time passes due to the presence of energy dissipation; the decrease in amplitude is the "damping" |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest degree of damping that completely eliminates the oscillations; the motion is said to be critically damped |
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Term
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Definition
| when the damping exceeds the critical value |
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Term
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Definition
| when the damping is less than the critical level; opposite of overdamped |
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Term
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Definition
| the motion that results from a force being applied to stretch or compress a spring that is applied at all times, not just for a brief initial moment |
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Term
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Definition
| the force that causes driven harmonic motion |
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Term
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Definition
| the frequency of the spring system; the frequency at which the spring system naturally oscillates |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition in which a time-dependent force can transmit a large amount of energy to an oscillating object, leading to a large-amplitude motion; in the absence of damping, resonance occurs when the frequency of the force matches a natural frequency at which the object will oscillate |
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Term
| Materials that return to their original form after becoming distorted due to squeezing/stretching are said to be _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The value of Young's modulus depends on the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Forces that are applied & cause stretching are called ____ forces, because they create a tension in the material |
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Definition
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Term
| In any situation where a cable is used to apply a force to an object, the _____ is stretched |
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Definition
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Term
| The value of the shear modulus "S" depends on the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The tensile force is _____ to the surface, whereas the shearing force is _____ the surface |
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Definition
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Term
| Young's modulus refers to a _____ of one dimension of a solid object as a result of tensile or compressive forces |
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Definition
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Term
| The shear modulus refers to a _____ of a solid object as a result of shearing forces |
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Definition
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Term
| Is pressure a scalar or vector quantity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The value of the bulk modulus depends on _____ |
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Definition
| the nature of the material |
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Term
| Hooke's Law for Stress & Strain |
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Definition
| stress is directly proportional to strain |
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Term
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Definition
| newton per square meter (N/m^2) (pascal) (Pa) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the point on the stress vs. strain graph where the material begins to deviate from straight-line behavior |
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Term
| If the stress does not exceed the _____ of the material, the object will return to its original size & shape once the stress is removed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the point beyond which the object no longer returns to its size & shape when the stress is removed; the object remains permanently deformed |
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