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Chapter 10
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
37
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/20/2011

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Term
Asexual reproduction
Definition
offspring inherit the same number and kinds of genes from a single parent
Term
Sexual Reproduction
Definition
union of two gametes
Term
Genes
Definition
sequences of chromosomal DNA
Term
Allele
Definition
each unique molecular form of the same gene
Term
Meiosis divides a parental chromosome number by?
Definition
half
Term
Homologous Chromosomes
Definition
same length, shape, and assortment of genes that line up with each other at meiosis
Term
Diploid
Definition
two unidentical copies of every chromosome 2n
Term
Haploid
Definition
n
Term
humans have how many pairs of homolhous chromosomes
Definition
23
Term
Meiosis I
Definition
the duplicated chromosomes aligh with its partner and then move apart
Term
Meiosis II
Definition
the individual chromosome separate from each other
Term
Crossing over leads to?
Definition
the recombinations among genes of homologous chromosomes and eventually to variation in traits among offspring.
Term
Where does crossvoer happen?
Definition
Prophase I
Term
What leads to different combinations of maternal and paternal traits in each new generation?
Definition
Random teethering and subsequent positioning of each pair of maternal and paternal chromosome at metaphase I
Term
Where is the diploid number restored?
Definition
fertilization
Term
fertilization
Definition
when two hapliod gametes fuse and form a diploid zygote
Term
zygote
Definition
the first cell of a new individual
Term
how many tail does a human sperm, opossium sperm, and round worm sperm have?
Definition
1
2
0
Term
How many haploid nuclei forms after meiosis I and II
Definition
4
Term
Random assortment produces how many possibilites?
Definition
10^23 (8388608)
Term
Sporophyte
Definition
multicelled spore-producing body that makes gametophytes through mitosis
Term
Gametophytes
Definition
one or more gametes are formed
Term
sperm
Definition
mature male gamete
Term
Ovum
Definition
(egg) a mature oocyte
Term
The cycle for plants
Definition
sporophyte(2n) > meiosis > spores(n) > gametophytes(n) > gametes(n) > fetilization > zygote(2n) >sporophyte
Term
the cycle for animals
Definition
multicelled(2n) > meiosis > gametes(n) > fertilization > zygote(2n) > sporophyte
Term
How many crossover does human chromosome undergoes?
Definition
2 to 3
Term
Meiosis evolved from?
Definition
remodeling of existing mechanism of mitosis
Term
Meiosis and cytoplasmic division function in __.
Definition
sexual reproduction
Term
a duplicated chromosome has __ chromatid.
Definition
two
Term
A somatic cell having two of each type of chromosome has a __ chromosome number
Definition
diploid
Term
Sexual reproduction requires __
Definition
meiosis and fertilization
Term
Generally, apair of homologous chromosome___.
Definition
carry the same genes, are the same length and shape, interact at meiosis
Term
Meisosis __ the parental chromosome number.
Definition
halves
Term
Meiosis ends with the formation of __
Definition
four nuclei
Term
Sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate during __
Definition
anaphase II
Term
Sexual reproducers bestow variation in traits on offspring by__
Definition
crossingover, methaphase I random orentations, fetilization
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