Term
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
a. metaphase
b. mitosis
c. interphase
d. cell division |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following are problems that growth causes for cells EXCEPT
a. obtaining enough food
b. expelling wastes
c. more demands on DNA
d. excess oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| The larger a cell becomes, the ______ efficiently it is able to function. |
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Definition
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Term
If the surface area of a cell that is shaped like a cube increases 100 times, its volume increases about
a. 100 times
b. 1000 times
c. 5 times
d. 10 times. |
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Definition
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Term
An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction
a. requires more time
b. produces identical offspring
c. takes less time
d. provides genetic diversity |
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Definition
| d. provides genetic diversity |
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Term
After cell division, each daughter cell has
a. less DNA in its nucleus than the parent cell.
b. more DNA in its nucleus than the parent cell.
c. a higher surface area/volume ratio than the parent cell.
d. a lower surface area/volume ratio than the parent cell. |
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Definition
| c. a higher surface area/volume ratio than the parent cell. |
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Term
Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction, because the daughter cells that form are identical to the parent cell.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
The rate at which wastes are produced by a cell partially depends on the cell’s
a. type of membrane.
b. volume.
c. ratio of surface area to volume.
d. surface area. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
a. It becomes more difficult for the cell to get rid of wastes.
b. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA.
c. The cell’s volume increases.
d. It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients. |
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Definition
| b. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA. |
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Term
As a cell’s size increases, its ratio of surface area to volume increases.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
As a cell becomes larger, its
a. volume increases faster than its surface area.
b. surface area increases faster than its volume.
c. surface area stays the same, but its volume increases.
d. volume increases, but its surface area stays the same. |
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Definition
| a. volume increases faster than its surface area. |
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Term
The smaller a cell is, the more difficult it is for the cell to move enough nutrients and wastes across its cell membrane to maintain its normal functions.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
A student placed three cubes of agar that contained the indicator phenolphthalein in a beaker of vinegar. The sides of the cubes were the following lengths: 3 cm, 2 cm, and 1 cm. In the presence of an acid, such as vinegar, phenolphthalein turns from pink to clear. After 10 minutes, the student cut each cube open and measured the distance that the vinegar had diffused into each cube. She then started to complete the data table.
What is she trying to test?
a. She is probably testing the effect of size on the diffusion of materials into each cube. The cubes probably represent cells
b. She is probably testing the effect of size on the active transport of materials into each cube. The cubes probably represent cells
c. She is probably testing the effect of size on the diffusion of materials out of each cube. The cubes probably represent cells
d. She is probably testing the effect of size on the diffusion of materials into each cube. The cubes probably represent vinegar. |
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Definition
| a. She is probably testing the effect of size on the diffusion of materials into each cube. The cubes probably represent cells |
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Term
| During sexual reproduction, cells can produce genetically different offspring, whereas during _____________ reproduction, cells produce genetically identical offspring. |
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Definition
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Term
An imaginary cubic cell with a side length of 10 mm would have a ratio of surface area to volume of 6 : 10.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble
a. storing needed materials and waste products.
b. dividing.
c. producing daughter cells.
d. moving needed materials in and waste products out. |
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Definition
| d. moving needed materials in and waste products out. |
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Term
A student placed three cubes of agar that contained the indicator phenolphthalein in a beaker of vinegar. The sides of the cubes were the following lengths: 3 cm, 2 cm, and 1 cm. In the presence of an acid, such as vinegar, phenolphthalein turns from pink to clear. After 10 minutes, the student cut each cube open and measured the distance that the vinegar had diffused into each cube. She then started to complete the data table.
Predict Examine Figure 10–11. In which cube will the vinegar take the longest time to diffuse into the center? In which tube will the vinegar take the shortest time to diffuse into the center?
a. The vinegar will take the longest amount of time to diffuse to the center of the 3 cm cube. It will take the shortest amount of time to reach the center of the 1 cm sides.
b. The vinegar will take the longest amount of time to diffuse to the center of the 1 cm cube. It will take the shortest amount of time to reach the center of the 3 cm sides.
c. The vinegar will take the longest amount of time to diffuse to the center of the 2 cm cube. It will take the shortest amount of time to reach the center of the 1 cm sides.
d. The vinegar will take the longest amount of time to diffuse to the center of the 2 cm cube. It will take the shortest amount of time to reach the center of the 3 cm sides. |
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Definition
| a. The vinegar will take the longest amount of time to diffuse to the center of the 3 cm cube. It will take the shortest amount of time to reach the center of the 1 cm sides. |
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Term
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
a. interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
b. interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
c. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
d. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase |
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Definition
| c. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
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Term
During cytokinesis, a cell undergoing cell division finally splits into two daughter cells.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
In eukaryotes, the spindle breaks down during prophase and re-forms during telophase.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell division occurs in two main stages, the first of which is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?
a. They help separate the chromosomes.
b. They make the chromosomes visible.
c. They break down the nuclear membrane.
d. They duplicate the DNA. |
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Definition
| a. They help separate the chromosomes. |
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Term
During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
a. eight chromosomes.
b. two chromosomes.
c. sixteen chromosomes.
d. four chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
The two main stages of cell division are called
a. the M phase and the S phase.
b. mitosis and cytokinesis.
c. synthesis and cytokinesis.
d. mitosis and interphase. |
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Definition
| b. mitosis and cytokinesis |
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Term
Typically, the longest phase of mitosis is metaphase.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| The number of sister chromatids in a human body cell that is entering cell division is _____ . |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?
a. prophase
b. S phase
c. cytokinesis
d. interphase |
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Definition
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Term
The first phase of mitosis is called
a. anaphase.
b. metaphase.
c. interphase.
d. prophase. |
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Definition
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Term
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
a. only during cell division
b. only when they are being replicated
c. only during the G1 phase
d. only during interphase |
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Definition
| a. only during cell division |
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Term
Which event occurs during interphase?a. Spindle fibers begin to form.
b. The cytoplasm divides.
c. Centromeres divide.
d. Centrioles duplicate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of a cell’s growth takes place during the phase of the cell cycle. True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell that has 5 chromosomes in the G1 phase will have _____ chromatids in the G2 phase. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotes (bacteria) reproduce by an asexual process known as _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following lists structures from smallest to largest?
a. chromosome, supercoil, coil, nucleosome, double helix
b. double helix, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, chromosome
c. chromosome, coil, double helix, nucleosome, supercoil
d. nucleosome, coil, double helix, chromosome, supercoil |
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Definition
| b. double helix, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, chromosome |
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Term
A multicellular organism begins life as a single cell—a fertilized egg with a complete set of chromosomes. The picture in Figure 10–2 above shows how the cell divides to become two cells, then four cells, eight cells, and so on. Which of the following statements best describes what happens during this process?
a. Chromosomes are randomly distributed during cell division so that some new cells have partial sets while others have complete sets.
b. Chromosomes are stored in the original cell to direct the division of all daughter cells, which do not have their own chromosomes.
c. Chromosomes are divided evenly during cell division so that each new daughter cell has an equal share of the original set.
d. Chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set. |
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Definition
| d. Chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set. |
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Term
Which pair includes a phase of the cell cycle and a cellular process that occurs during that phase?
a. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
b. S phase, cell division
c. G1 phase, DNA replication
d. M phase, cell growth |
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Definition
| a. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis |
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Term
During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen?
a. G1 phase
b. G2 phase
c. M phase
d. S phase |
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Definition
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Term
One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have
a. chromatin.
b. centrioles.
c. centromeres.
d. a cell plate. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
a. The M phase is usually the longest phase.
b. Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases.
c. DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
d. Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases. |
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Definition
| b. Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases |
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Term
When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?
a. G1 phase
b. M phase
c. S phase
d. G2 phase |
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Definition
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Term
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
a. anaphase
b. metaphase
c. telophase
d. prophase |
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Definition
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