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• Products or services toward which customers show such a strong preference that they will expend considerable effort to search for the best suppliers • Luxury cars, legal or medical professionals, designer apparel |
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• Consumers will spend a fair amount of time comparing alternatives • Furniture, apparel, fragrances, appliances, travel alternatives |
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• Consumer is not willing to spend any effort to evaluate prior to purchase • Commodity items, beverages, bread, or soap |
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• Require lots of marketing effort and promotion |
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Groups of associated items that consumers tend to use together or think as part of a group of similar products |
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Count of the # of product lines offered by the firm |
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# of products within a product line |
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Short for stock keeping unit, SKU is a unique numerical identifying number that refers to a specific stock item in a retailer's inventory or product catalog. The SKU is often used to identify the product, product size or type, and the manufacturer. In the retail industry, the SKU is a part of the backend inventory control system and enables a retailer to track a product in their inventory that may be in warehouses or in retail outlets. |
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4 components of brand equity |
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Brand awareness Perceived value Brand associations Brand loyalty |
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Types of private label brands |
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Premium brands Generic brands Copycat brands Exclusive co-brands |
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Two ways of naming brands |
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Family brands - • Individual brands benefit from the overall brand awareness associated with the family name • Kellogg’s special K for example
Individual brands - • Kellogg allowing Cheez-its or Keebler cookies to keep its brand name |
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Use of the same brand name in a different product line (increases product mix breadth) |
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