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Abrasion is mechanical scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving particles during their transport in wind, glacier, waves, gravity or running water, after friction, the moving particles dislodge loose and weak debris from the side of the rock, these particles can be dissolved in the water source. |
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A drainage divide, water divide, divide or watershed is the line separating neighbouring drainage basins. In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country the divide may be invisible – just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a region or continent. |
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| A meander in general is a bend in a sinuous watercourse, also known as an oxbow loop, or simply an oxbow. A meander is formed when the moving water in a river erodes the outer banks and widens its valley creating a meander |
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| An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. |
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drainage basin or watershed [image] |
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| A drainage basin is an extent of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean |
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| An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake water body formed when a wide meander from the mainstem of a river is cut off to create a lake. |
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| The base level of a river or stream is the lowest point to which it can flow, often referred to as the 'mouth' of the river. For large rivers, sea level is usually the base level, but a large river or lake is likewise the base level for tributary streams. |
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| A flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas - washes, rivers and streams. |
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| A pothole is a type of disruption in the surface of a roadway where a portion of the road material has broken away, leaving a hole. Most potholes are formed due to fatigue of the pavement surface. As fatigue cracks develop they typically interlock in a pattern known as "alligator cracking". |
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| The term Bed load describes particles in a flowing fluid (usually a river) that are transported along the bed. This is in opposition to suspended load and wash load which are carried entirely in suspension |
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| A floodplain, or flood plain, is flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a stream or river that experiences occasional or periodic flooding. |
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| In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. |
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| To convey or transport in any manner from one place to another |
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| A gully is a landform created by running water eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside. Gullies resemble large ditches or small valleys, but are metres to tens of metres in depth and width. |
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| A stream can be defined as any flowing body of water in a clearly defined channel. |
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| a low triangular area of alluvial deposits where a river divides before entering a larger body of water; |
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| Headward erosion is a fluvial process of erosion that lengthens a stream, a valley or a gully at its head and also enlarges its drainage basin |
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| a suspension is a homogeneous fluid containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. |
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| the discharge or outflow of a river is the volume of water transported by it in a certain amount of time. |
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| A levee, levée, dike (or dyke), embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial slope or wall to prevent flooding of the land behind it. |
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| A water gap is an opening or notch which flowing water has carved through a mountain range. |
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