Term
| What happens when demands exceed a person's coping abilities? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ Identified three structural changes in rats subjected repeatedly to noxious stimuli (stressors): Enlargement of the cortex of the adrenal gland, atrophy of the thymus, and other lymphoid tissues, and ulceration of the GI tract. |
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Definition
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Term
| What three structural changes in rats were found when stress stimulate were introduced? |
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Definition
| Enlargement of the cortex of the adrenal glands, atrophy of the thymus, and ulceration of the GI tract. |
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Term
| What did Selye believe that the three changes were caused by in the stressed rats? |
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Definition
| A non-specific physiologic response to any long-term stressor. He called this response the General Adaptation Syndrome. GAS |
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Term
| What are the three stages of the GAS response? |
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Definition
| The alarm stage, the stage of resistance or adaptation, and the stage of exhaustion. |
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Term
| What causes diseases of adaptation to occur? |
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Definition
| Diseases of adaptation develop if the stage of resistance or adaptation does not restore homeostasis. |
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Term
| The product of the interaction of the mind and body. |
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Definition
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Term
| The stressor, the physiologic or chemical disturbance produced by the streassor, and the body's adaptational response to the stressor |
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Definition
| Selye's three components of physiologic stress. |
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Term
| ay cause or excerbate (worsen) several disease states. Stress is related to the severity of symptoms and the outcomes of diseases and conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Defined as the state of rising affairs arising when a person relates to situations in a certain way. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ _____ _______ consists of interaction among the sympathetic branch of the ______ ______ _____ and other neural signals that activate the endocrine system, known at the ____ axis. |
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Definition
| Nonspecific physiologic response, Autonomic nervous system, HPA axis. |
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Term
| Can be elicited with diverse agents such as cold, heat, x-rays, adrenaline, insulin, tubercle bacilli, and muscular exercise. |
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Definition
| Nonspecific physiologic response |
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Term
| Physiologic response can be derived from: |
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Definition
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Term
| Organism leans that specific stimuli are associated with danger, and anticipation of subsequent encounters produce a physiologic stress response. This is known as a _______ called _______ _________ |
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Definition
| Conditioned response; anticipatory response |
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Term
| The study of the interaction of consciousness, the brain and spinal cord, and the body's defenses against external infection and abnormal cell division: |
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Definition
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Term
| Assumes that all immune-related disease is multifactorial. The immune system is integrated with other physiologic processes and is sensitive to changes in CNS and endocrine functioning, such as those that accompany psychologic states. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ Is released centrally from the brain and peripherally at inflammatory sites. |
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Definition
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Term
| The stress response is initiated by the _____ and ______ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Perceived stressors elicit and anticipatory response that usually begins in the _______ _______ of the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ ________ elicits an endocrine stress response indirectly by stimulating neural pathways responsible for receiving sensory information and elicits a central response by directly stimulating the ___ to release ___ and ____. |
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Definition
| Limbic system; LC; LC; NE |
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Term
| The ______ response to stress consists of sympathetic stimulation of the _____ ______ to secrete _________ (_______ and ________) and stressor-induced stimulation of the hypothalamus to secrete CRH, which in turn stimulates the _______ to secrete _______, which then stimulates the ______ _____ to secrete _____ _____, particularly, _________. |
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Definition
| Neuroendocrine; adrenal medulla; catecholemines; epinephrine and norepinephrine; ACTH; Adrenal cortex; steroid hormones; cortisol |
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Term
| In general, the _______ prepare the body to act, and ______ mobilizes energy stores (e.g. glucose) and other substances needed to fuel the action. |
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Definition
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Term
| Epinepherine exerts its chief effects on the ______ system |
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Definition
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Term
| What does epinephrine do to blood vessels of the heart, brain and skeletal muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Norepi's chief effects _____ those of epi |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ constricts blood vessels of the viscera and skin |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ helps to sift blood flow to the vessels dilated by ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ increases mental alertness. |
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Definition
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Term
| Influences the immune system indirectly by the activation of glucocorticoids (_________) and _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| CRH is _______, causing vasodilation and vascular ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| It appears that these are the target of peripheral CRH |
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Definition
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Term
| _______'s chief effects involve metabolic processes. |
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Definition
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Term
| INHIBITS the USE of metabolic substances but PROMOTES their FORMATION. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mobilizes glucose, amino acids, lipids and fatty acids and delivers them to the blood stream. |
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Definition
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Term
| cortisol's Effect on the immune system is ______ and _____ dependent and may include either ______ or ______ of the immune system. |
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Definition
| cortisol's concentration and location; stimulation or inhibition |
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Term
| ________ have direct effects on immune cells, as well as indirect influences through _____ endocrine modulation of immune function. |
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Definition
| Neuropeptides; neuromediated |
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Term
| ______ products (________) also influence _____ cell behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| Other hormones are affected by the stress response, and include increased circulating levels of- ________, ______ and ______. |
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Definition
| b-endorphins, growth hormone, prolactin |
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Term
| Does ADH increase or decrease with extreme stress? |
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Definition
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Term
| Leutenizine hormone, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone possibly increase or decrease during times of stress? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Our fight or flight response stays activated. |
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Term
| Under stress clotting increases. This can lead to: |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ million adults and _____ million children in the US are overweight or obese. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____% of people in the US have acid reflux disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ million children and adults (_____% of the population) have diabetes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Constant stress leads to reduction of: |
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Definition
| Growth hormones, Sex hormones |
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Term
| _____ million women in the US have difficulty getting pregnant. |
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Definition
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