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Chapter 10 Vocabulary
Earthquakes/Faults
17
Science
9th Grade
03/29/2011

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Term
aftershock
Definition
a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake
Term
body waves
Definition
waves of energy that travel from the focus of an earthquake through the material of Earth's body. Ex: P & S waves
Term
earthquake
Definition
the shaking of Earth's crust caused by a release of energy
Term
epicenter
Definition
the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus
Term
fault
Definition
a break in the lithosphere along which movement has occurred
Term
focus
Definition
the point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake
Term
liquefaction
Definition
a temporary state in which loose soil and rock materials take on the property of liquid, often as a result of severe ground shaking
Term
love waves
Definition
an earthquake wave that travels along Earth's surface moving particles side to side perpendicular to waves' direction
Term
magnitude
Definition
the measure of the amount of energy released in an earthquake
Term
P waves
Definition
body waves that squeeze and stretch rock materials as they pass through Earth
Term
Rayleigh waves
Definition
an earthquake wave that travels along Earth's surface moving particles in an elliptical pattern
Term
S waves
Definition
body waves that cause particles of rock material to move at right angles to the direction in which waves are traveling; known as secondary
Term
Seismic gap
Definition
an area along a seismically active fault where no earthquake activity has occurred over a long period of time
Term
seismogram
Definition
the recording of an earthquake made by a seismograph
Term
seismograph
Definition
an instrument that detects and records waves produced by earthquakes
Term
surface waves
Definition
Earthquake waves that travel along earth's surface: ex: Love & Rayleigh waves
Term
tsunami
Definition
a large ocean wave that results from an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption.
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