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Attitudes of individuals re: politcal leaders and institutions as well as political and social issues.
as a mechanism that quantifies the various opinions held by pop. or sub-groups
grounded in political values, but influenced by many sources and life experiences. |
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theory that a select few is better educated, more informed, and more interested and should more influence than others in our gov't process
expressed in early days of republic, but is not widely acknowledged by political leaders and commentators today |
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| The new System "constitutional" |
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founders believed too much influence was given to the people in re: to the article of the confederation
they reacted by diminishing the relationship between the gov't and public opinion.
new system designed a "waiting period" on the masses |
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| asserts that a select and stable Senate will serve as an anchor against popular fluxuations to protect the people from their temporary errors |
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| Madison warns of disturbing the public tranquility by interesting too strongly the publc passions |
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| argues for the indirect election of the president by a counsel of wise men "electoral college" who must not react too quickly to the passion of the people |
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| further warning aganst following the sudden breeze of passion and listening to every transient impulse of the public |
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believed that citizens should be informed and participate in democratic decision making to ensure the health and vitality of the system
public gives legitimancy to the political process and governing officials |
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| believed that collective judgements were more likely to be wise and sound than the judgements of a few. |
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| makes a strong case that public opinion should be heeded because polls are a more egalitarian form of political expression than other forms of participation which tend to benefit the more educated and affluent(elite) |
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| Verba agruement for public opinion |
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| argues that economic differences between the affluent and the less aflluent make it difficult for the views of the general pop. to be heard b/c the wealthy are bettre to articulate and present their points of view |
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| truely great political leader (public opinion) |
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| knowing when to follow the public opinion and when to resist |
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| mandated waiting periods for owning a gun for the first major gun control law since 1968 |
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| evidence of the power of public opinion to persuede and infuluence the political scene via media, drug awareness groups, etc. |
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| Personal Liberty "individualism" |
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a belief that goes back to the earliest days of the republic.
A reference for individualism and for individual rights is central to our democracy, b/c the gov't is expected to protect individuals and design policies that enhance the chances of reaching self-fulfillment. |
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| The belief that all should have equal chances for success and education, employment and political participation |
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Egalitarian belief that gov't must work to diminish differences between individuals in society so that everyone is equal in status and and value.
(using the gov't to ensure equality)
more controversial
i.e the equal pay act of 1963
Affirmative Action |
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is the set of political and gov'tal value and beliefs that support poltical institutions, processess, and practices and belief systems
relatively stable over time
party identification being the most stable
broad consensus on the key values is example of |
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| Exceptions to political stability in America |
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| civil war, Vietnam War, civil rights |
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means that younger people replace older people and as each generation has experienced a different world, it is logical that each would have different opinions.
estimated 50% of electorate replaces every 20 years. |
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| Catalyst - for - change Theory |
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The assertion that public opinion shapes and alters our political culture, thus allowing change.
i.e. women in the work force |
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| Barometer of Public Attitudes |
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The theory that the media reflect popular culture.
i.e. media |
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| asserts that pop culture both changes and reflects social values and beliefs |
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A consistent set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy regarding the proper goals, purposes, functions, and size of government.
once formed, barring war or severe economic crisis or similar events, it is unlikely to change significantly throughout the lifetimes |
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| tend to support social and cultural change especially in regards to issues of equality and want activist gov't that encourages change. |
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| by contrast favor traditional views on social, cultural, economic matters and demand a more limited role for most governments in most spheres. |
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| liberals favor spending on |
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| environmental protection, education, public transportation, national parks, and social services |
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| smaller governmental budgets, fewer governmental programs, less taxes, governmental restrictions on abortion and pornography |
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| Agents of Political Socialization |
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Factors that influence how we acquire political facts and knowledge and develop political values.
similiar experiences lead to similar values. |
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| The belief that one can influence government. Internanl political efficacy is the belief that you have the knowledge and ability to influence the gov't, then external political efficacy refers to the belief that gov'tal officials will respond to the people. |
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to explain how two or more factors work to influence an individual
i.e. income, race, religeon, region, etc. |
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| describes how rather than why an individual aquires party loyalty |
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| Differences in voting and policy preferences between women and men. |
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states that differences in voting preferences and issues stances between men and women result from the fact that men and women tend to have different opinions on issues of public policy.
women tend to support more spending on social services and diplomancy.
men tend to want to spend less on social services and more aggressive military. |
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says that the gender differences in party identification and voting result from the relative importance that men and women assign to issues.
i.e. abortion |
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that the gender gap reflects the different situations men and women face in our society.
i.e. inequality in division of labor, pay, and life expectations. |
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| portion of an entire population |
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| selection procedure in which each memeber of the target population has a known or an equal chance of being slected |
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| which is drawn by an unsystematic procedure typically stopping and interviewing people in a random matter |
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| lottery or raffle selection |
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| target population is broken into sun groups or stata before the sample is drawn. |
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| % of confidence that the poll truely represents the feeling of everyone in th epopulation. |
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| surveys of voters leaving polling places used by news media to gage how candidates are doing on election day. |
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