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Chapter 1 Review
Psychology chapter 1
40
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/19/2011

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Cards

Term
Culteral Relativity
Definition
The need to consider unique characteristics of a culture where behavior takes place.
Term
Trephining
Definition
6500 bc 1st surgury, drilling of the skull
Term
Physiology
Definition
study of functions and parts of living organisms, including human beings.
Term
Observer Effect
Definition
how people change when aware of being watched.
Term
Biological Perspective
Definition
studys the physical basis of human and animal behavior, including the immune system, nervous system, and genetics.
Term
Cognitive Perspective
Definition
Modern perspective that focuses on memory, intellegence, perception, problem solving and learning.
Term
Sociocultural Perspective
Definition
focuses on relationships between behavior and culture.
Term
Placebo Effect
Definition
the phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence thier behavior.
Term
Case Study
Definition
the study of one individual in great detail.
Term
Phrenology
Definition
The science which studies the relationship beween a person's character  and the morphology of the skull.
Term
Psychology
Definition
the scientific study of behavior and the mental processes.
Term
Epistemology
Definition
the study of knowledge
Term
Behavorism
Definition
The science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only.
Term
Third Force of Psychology
Definition
Humanistic perspective, human potential, self actualization, and free will.
Term
Who founded Structuralism?
Definition
Edward Titchener
Term
Father of Scientific Psychology
Definition
Willhelm Wundt
Term
Empirical Evidence
Definition
based on objectable observation or experience.
Term
Operational Definition
Definition
definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured.
Term
Psychophysics
Definition
the study of relationships between physical events and our psychological relationships with those events.
Term
Developmental Psychology
Definition
also known as Human development Branch of psychology concerned with changes in cognitive,motivational.psychophysiological,and social functioning that occur throughout the human lifespan.
Term
Humanistic psychology
Definition
Human potential, self actualization, and free will.
Term
diffrence between negative and positive correlation
Definition

positive- variables increase in the same direction

Negative- variable go opposite in order  one increases as the other decreases.

Term

Interactive Dualism

 

Definition
Renee Descartes the mind and the body do what? The mind and the body are separte entities that interact to produce sensations,emotions, and other conscious experiences.
Term
1st african american woman to be awarded PhD?
Definition
Alberta Banner Turner
Term
1st woman to be awarded a PhD?
Definition
Margeret Floy Washburn
Term
1st woman president of APA?
Definition
Mary Whiton Calkins
Term
What perspective of psychology did Charles Darwin develop?
Definition
Evolutionary  Perspective
Term
What does Wundt say about sensations and feelings?
Definition

Sensations: objective contents of consciousness.

Feelings:subjective contents of consciousness.

 

Term
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are key developers in what perspective of psychology?
Definition
humanistic perspective
Term
What is Counterconditioning and who estalished it?
Definition
Mary Cover Jones, old conditioning can be replaced or countered by new conditioning.
Term
Who developed the idea that unconscious processes influence our conscious thoughts?
Definition
Sigmund Freud
Term
what is hypothisis? what is the dependent and independent variable in hypothesis?
Definition

Hypothesis- and educated guess, tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observation.

Dependent variable- the effect the variable that can be measured

Independent variable- the variable that is manipulated the cause.

Term
Aristotle was the first to write about what?
Definition
memory, sleep, learning, the senses, and dreams.
Term
Aristotle made the distinction between what?
Definition
form and matter
Term
Who was the Russian physiologist who stumbled n the concept of classical conditioning?
Definition
Ivan Pavlov
Term
What did John Watson do to set precedents in advertising?
Definition
placed woman in bikinis on a car because he understood the mind.
Term
who used a reaction time study to measure the speed of nerve impulses and establishe scientific methods can be used to study people?
Definition
Herman Von helmholtz
Term
What conflict gives riseto dicussion of personality, intelligence, gender and sexuality, and psychological disorders?
Definition
Nature vs. Nurture
Term
Law of Closure
Definition
when an object is incomplete or a space is not completely enclosed. If enough of the shape is indicated, people precieve the whole by filling in the missing information.
Term
Law of Similarity
Definition
Occures when objects look similar to one another. people often preceieve them as a group or pattern.
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