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What public officials within government, and by extension the citizens they represent, choose to do or not to do about public problems.
*public problems refer to conditions the public widely perceives to be unaccetable and therefore requiring intervention.
*affected by social and economic conditions, political values, the public mood @ any given time, the structure of the govn't, and the national and local norms
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| The purposes of government action |
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| The stand ends to be achieved |
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| The means for achieving goals |
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| The authorized means for pursing goals |
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| The formal actions that governments take to pursue their goals |
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| The effects such actions actually have on society |
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| Institutions and political processes through which public policy choices are made. Represent the legal authority to govern or rule a group of people |
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Exercise of power by elected officials, political parties, and interest groups. Used to refer to the processes through which public polices are formulated and adopted, esp. to the roles played by elected officals, organzied interest groups, and political parties.
*Politics is one of the reasons public policy has so much conflict and is so hard to analyze |
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Definition
| Examination of components of public policy, the policy process, or both. The study of the causes and consequences of policy decisions. Encourages deliberate critical thinking about the causes of public problems, the various ways governments and/or the private sector might act on them, and which policy choices make the most sense. |
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Contexts of Public Policy |
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Social : Societal changes (population increase/decrease)
Economics : State of the economy (surplus vs. deficit)
Political : Political/ideological issues (who is in power?)
Governing : Structure of the gov't (separation of powers)
Cultural Context : Values, beliefs (red vs. blue states) |
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| Refers to widely held values, beliefs, and attitudes, such as trust and confidence in gov't and the political process, or lack there of. Also includes commitment to individualism, property rights, freedom, pragmatism, or practicality, equality, and similar values, some of which are distinctly American |
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| Procedural vs. Substantive |
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| equal rules vs equal outcomes |
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| Individualistic vs. Collectivistic |
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| when individuals succeed, who we give credit to vs. credit to society |
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1. Freedom from restraint ( negative )
2. Freedom to do what you want to do when basic needs are met ( positive ) |
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| Reasons for government intervention: |
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*Political
*Moral/Ethical
*Economic:market failure |
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| Occurs when two parties interact in a market and, as a result of that interaction, a third - party is harmed and doesn't get compensation. |
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| Occurs the same way as a negative externality, but the third party gains something from the two-party interaction and doesn't have to pay for it. |
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| When the information willing buyers/sellers need to enter into a transaction or exchange is not easily available |
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Each individual seeks to maximize his or her use of the common pool resources without regard to their degradation or depletion because no one owns them.
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| The likeliness a current or proposed policy/program will achieve its goals/objectives |
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| What a policy/proposal costs in relation to its expected benefits to society |
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| How a program's costs and benefits are distributed among citizens (fairly or not) |
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| Whether elected officials are willing to support a policy proposal |
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