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Chapter 1 - Introducing Government in America
AP Government
27
Political Studies
12th Grade
12/21/2010

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Term
GOVERNMENT
Definition
THE SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING DECISIONS MADE THROUGH THE POLITICAL PROCESS
Term
CONSERVATIVE
Definition
ONE SIDE OF THE IDEOLOGICAL SPECTRUM DEFINED BY SUPPORT FOR LOWER TAXES, FREE MARKETS, A MORE LIMITED GOVERNMENT, AND REPULICANISM
Term
LIBERAL
Definition
ONE SIDE OF THE IDEOLOGICAL SPECTRUM DEFINEDBY SUPPORT FOR STRONGER GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND MORE MARKET REGULATION; TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH DEMOCRATS
Term
FREE MARKET
Definition
AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM BASED ON COMPETITION BETWEEN BUSINESSES WITHOUT GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE
Term
IDEOLOGY
Definition
A COHESIVE SET OF IDEALS AND BELIEFS USED TO ORGANIZEAND EVALUATETHE POLITICAL WORLD
Term
CAPITALISM
Definition
AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF FREE MARKET OR PRIVATE OWNERSHIP BY INDIVIDUALS
Term
SOCIALISM
Definition
CONTROL OF MARKET, OWNERSHIP, AND PRODUCTION IN A COMMUNITY-WIDE FORM
Term
FACTIONS
Definition
GROUPS THAT ADVOCATE FOR THEIR OWN RIGHTS BECAUSE THEY INCLUDE LIKE-MINDED PEOPLE
Term
PUBLIC GOODS
Definition
SERVICES OR ACTIONS PROVIDED TO MANY PEOPLE SINCE PRIVATE MARKETS CAN'T MAINTAIN THEM
Term
POLITICS
Definition
PROCESS TO DETERMINE GOVERNMENT ACTIONS
Term
POLTICAL PARTICIPATION
Definition
ACTS IN WHICH PEOPLE TAKE PART IN THE GOVERNMENT SYSTEM BY MEANS OF VOTING, JOINING POLITICAL PARTIES, WATCHING NEWS, ETC.
Term
SINGLE-ISSUE GROUPS
Definition
AN INTEREST GROUP PRIMARILY FOCUSED ON ONE ISSUE ONLY
Term
policymaking system
Definition
process by which policies are createdand how they evolve gradually over time
Term
linkage institutions
Definition
political channels where people's political issues become agendas in terms of policy
Term
POLICY AGENDA
Definition
SET OF DESIRED POLICIES THAT POLITICAL LEADERS VIEW AS THEIR TOP PRIORITIES
Term
POLITICAL ISSUE
Definition
RISING ISSUE THAT CREATES CONFLICT ON HOW IT CAN BE SOLVED
Term
POLICYMAKING INSTITUTIONS
Definition
THE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT THAT TAKE ACTION ON POLITICAL ISSUES
Term
PUBLIC POLICY
Definition
THE COURSE OF ACTION TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT TO SOLVE POLITICAL PROBLEMS
Term
DEMOCRACY
Definition
A SYSTEM WHICH THE PUBLIC SELECT LEADERS WHO THEY HOPE WILL CREATE POLICIES IN THEIR INTEREST
Term
MAJORITY RULE
Definition
THE LARGEST GROUP IN POWER MAKES A MAJORITY OF GOVERNMENTAL DECISIONS
Term
MINORITY RIGHTS
Definition
CERTAIN LAWS OR OBLIGATIONS GUARANTEED TOWARDS THE MINORITY GROUP
Term
REPRESENTATION
Definition
CLOSER CORRESPONDENCY BETWEEN REPRESENTATIVES AND THEIR ELECTORAL MAJORITY SHOWS DEMOCRACY
Term
PLURALIST THEORY
Definition
MANY CENTERS OF INFLUENCE COMPETE FOR POWER AND CONTROL
Term
ELITE AND CLASS THEORY
Definition
SOCIETY'S ELITE CONTROL GOVERNMENT THROUGH CLASS LINES
Term
HYPERPLURALISM
Definition
TOO MANY GROUPS CAUSE GOVERNMENT TO WORK INEFFECTIVELY
Term
POLICY GRIDLOCK
Definition
TENSION EXISTING TO HALT THE PROACTIVITY OF GOVERNMENT
Term
POLITICAL CULTURE
Definition
HOW IDEOLOGY PLAYS OUT IN THE POLICYMAKING SECTOR OF SOCIETY
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