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Chapter 1 and Appendix A
Introduction to Human Geigraphy / Maps
49
Geography
9th Grade
11/02/2006

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Term
human geography
Definition
study of people and cultures
Term
physical geography
Definition
Study of nature, such as climate, soil, animals, etc.
Term
pandemic
Definition
WORLDWIDE outbreak of disease
Term
epidemic
Definition
REGIONAL outbreak of disease
Term
What are the five themes of geography?
Definition
Location - geographical location of people and places
Human/Environment - how humans cause changes in the environment and visa versa
Region - Features concentrated in a certain area\
Place - labeling or associated a place with certain emotions or traits
Movemnt - mobility of people, goods, services, and ideas.
Term
landscape
Definition
natural features, human structures, and other tangible objects that gives a place its shape
Term
cultural landscape
Definition
imprint of human activity on the landscape
Term
GPS
Definition
allows people to accurately locate themselves by satelite
Term
GIS
Definition
Geographic information system; used to layer data
Term
relative location
Definition
describes the location of a place in relation to features around it
Term
absolute locations
Definition
Location as measured by latitude and longitude
Term
formal region
Definition
marked by physical criteria or a shared cultural traits
Term
functional region
Definition
product of interactions; not necessarily culturally similar
Term
Perceptual regions
Definition
regions without definate boundaries, used in daily life.
Term
culture
Definition
way of life
Term
cultural trait
Definition
single attribute of culture
Term
culture complex
Definition
combinations of cultural traits
Term
cultural hearth
Definition
an area where cultural traits develop
Term
diffusion
Definition
movement of of people, goods, or ideas accross space
Term
cultural diffusion
Definition
the spread of an idea from its hearth
Term
contagious diffusion
Definition
where nearly all adjacent individuals are affected
Term
hierarchical diffusion
Definition
the main channel is those who are succeptible to what is being diffused
Term
Stimulus diffusion
Definition
when one idea stimulates another one. (eg. The Gods Must Be Crazy)
Term
Expansion diffusion
Definition
an idea remains strong in its hearth, but also expands outward.
Term
relocation diffusion
Definition
involves the movement of individuals
Term
environmental determinism
Definition
idea that environment has great affect on human behavior
Term
Possibilism
Definition
Idea that environment meerly limits the choices that are available to a cultural group; may be overcome.
Term
graduated circle map
Definition
circles of different size show the frequency of occurence of a topic in different places
Term
dot distribution map
Definition
a single, or specified number of occurences represented by a single dot.
Term
isopleth
Definition
the overall statistic, the whole isoline map
Term
chloropleth
Definition
presents the average value of the data studied per pre-existed unit
Term
What are the 3 ways to identify location?
Definition
place names
site
situation
Term
toponym
Definition
place names
Term
site
Definition
absolute location of a place
Term
situation
Definition
relative location
Term
What are the 4 kinds of cartographic generalizations?
Definition
simplification
Classification
Symbolism
Induction
Term
scale
Definition
ratio between the distance on a map and its real-world distance
Term
projection
Definition
the representation of the earth on a spherical scale
Term
parallels
Definition
latitude
Term
meridians
Definition
longitude
Term
mercator projection
Definition
true direction, distorts poles, used to keep accurate course at sea
Term
robinson projection
Definition
reduces the distortion of the upper latitudes
Term
cylindrical projection
Definition
good for lower latitudes
Term
conic projection
Definition
good for middle latitudes
Term
planar projection
Definition
good for upper latitudes
Term
contour lines
Definition
represent elevation
Term
isobars
Definition
connect points of equal pressure
Term
isotherms
Definition
connect points of equal temperature
Term
isolines
Definition
are the lines that connect isotherms and isobars
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