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| all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as the nonliving physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact (air, soil, water, etc) |
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| the entire array of organisms inhabiting an ecosystem |
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| an interacting group of individuals of one species |
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| an individual living thing |
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| a group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions |
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| a structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions |
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| a cooperative unit of many similar cells that perform a specific function w/in a multicellular organism |
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| a unit of living matter separated from its environment by a boundary called a membrane |
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| a structure that performs a specific function in a cell |
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| a cluster of atoms held together by chemical bonds |
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| smallest particle of ordinary matter |
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| provide food for a typical ecosystem |
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| eat plants & other animals |
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| act as recyclers, changing the complex dead matter into simple mineral nutrients that plants can use |
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| the properties of life that arise from the structural level of a cell |
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| a combination of components forming a more complex organization |
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| lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus. only found in Domain Bacteria & Archaea |
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| has a membrane-enclosed nucleus. found in all organisms except bacteria & archaea |
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| division of all the diversity of life |
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| the branch of biology that names & classifies specifies, arranges them into a hierarchy of broader groups |
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Definition
| above the Kingdom level. **ARCHAEA, BACTERIA, EUKARYA** |
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Definition
| 1 of the 2 prokaryotic domains of life |
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| 1 of the 2 prokaryotic domains of life |
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| organisms w/ prokaryotic cells |
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| organisms w/ eukaryotic cells |
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| a widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope & supported by a large body of evidence |
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| a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment |
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Definition
| individuals in a population vary in many heritable traits |
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| Overproduction and Competition |
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Definition
| with overpopulation, competition cannot be avoided |
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Term
| Unequal Reproductive Success |
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Definition
| individuals w/ heritable traits best suited to the environment will leave the greatest # of healthy & fertile offspring |
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Definition
| the accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time |
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| a tentative answer to some question |
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| verifiable observations & measurements of data |
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| the observations of discovery science inquiring minds to ask questions and seek explanation |
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| designed to compare an experimental group w/ a control group |
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| anything that occupies space & has a mass |
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| a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means |
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| essential elements in minute quantities |
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Definition
| a substance containing 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio |
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| a subatomic particle w/ a single positive electrical charge |
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Definition
| a subatomic particle w/ a single negative electrical charge |
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Definition
| a subatomic particle which is electrically neutral |
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Definition
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Definition
| the sum of protons & neutrons in its nucleus |
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| the mass of an atom; approximately equal to an atom's mass number |
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Definition
| have the same # of protons but diff # of neutrons |
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| an isotope where the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles & energy |
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| certain energy levels in an atom |
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| an attraction b/w 2 atoms resulting from atoms being unstable |
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Definition
| an atom or molecule w/ an electrical charge resulting from a gain/loss of 1+ electron |
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| when an attraction holds atoms together |
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| SODIUM CHLORIDE : an ionic compounds |
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Definition
| a chemical bond in which 2 atoms share 1+ pairs of outer shell electrons |
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| 2+ atoms held together by a covalent bond |
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Definition
| when two atoms share two pairs of electrons |
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Definition
| an atom's attraction for its electrons, including the shared electrons |
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Definition
| sharing of of 1+ pairs of electrons equally b/c of similar electronegativity |
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Definition
| bond in which electrons are shared unequally b/c atoms differ in e-negativity. result :: partially pos & partially neg |
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Definition
| a molecule w/ an unequal distribution of charges |
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Definition
| weak bond. formed when partially+ hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond is attracted to the partially- in another molecule |
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Definition
| the tendency of molecules to stick together |
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| a measure of how difficult it is to stretch/break the surface of a liquid |
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| the amount of energy associated w/ the movement of atoms & molecules in a body of matter |
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| measures the intensity of heat ; the average speed of molecules |
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| a liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of 2+ substances |
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| a substance that is dissolved |
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| when water is the solvent in the solution |
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| a compound that donates hydrogen ions to solutions |
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| a compound that accepts/rejects hydrogen ions from solution |
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| pH Scale (Potention Of Hydrogen) |
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Definition
| used to describe how acidic/basic a solution is |
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Definition
| substances that resist changes in pH by accepting H+ when it is in excess & donating H+ when it is depleted |
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Definition
| rain, snow or fog with a pH lower (more acidic) that 5.6 <= this is the pH of uncontaminated water |
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| a process leading to changes in the composition of matter |
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| starting materials in a chemical reaction |
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| an ending material in a chemical reaction |
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| a specific type of organism |
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| reasoning from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories |
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Definition
| reasoning from the more general to the more specific |
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Term
| How Does Water Moderate Temperature? |
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Definition
| the heat energy first disrupts hydrogen bonds & then makes water molecules move faster. b/c heat is absorbed as the bonds break, water absorts & stores a large amt of heat while warming up only a few degrees |
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