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Chapter 1 & 2
The Nature of Life/ The Chemistry of Life
50
Biology
10th Grade
09/09/2010

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Cards

Term
Biosphere
Definition
the thin layer of air, land, & water that is home to all living things (1% of Earth's mass)
Term
Biogenesis
Definition
the principle that life comes only from other life
Term
Unicellular
Definition
one-celled organisms (amoeba, bacteria, etc.)
Term
Multicellular
Definition
multi-celled organisms (mammals, fish, birds, trees)
Term
What is DNA?
Definition
chemical info provided by your parents, carries the chemical blueprint to create new cells found in nucleus
Term
Growth/repair
Definition
continual construction and reconstruction of organisms by cell division
Term
Development
Definition
temporary growth in certain organs of an organism by cell division
Term
Response
Definition
the act of an organism temporarily changing itself to survive in current conditions
Term
Adaptation
Definition
the process that occurs over time that allows an organism to adapt to its surroundings
Term
Pheromones
Definition
a chemical reaction that are sensed via smell or taste
Term
Metabolism
Definition
sum of all chemical reactions occuring in your body
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the regulation of bodily functions (heart rate, breath rate, body temperature, etc.)
Term
List the forms of life from smallest to largest
Definition
atom, molecules, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, individual, population, community, ecosystem
Term
Extinction
Definition
the eradication of an entire species
Term
Evolution
Definition
traits that enable an organism to survive are passed down
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
relationships in which different species depend upon each other
Term
Mutualism
Definition
a relationship in which both organisms benefit
Term
Commensalism
Definition
a relationship in which one partner benefits and the other remains unchanged
Term
Parasitism
Definition
a relationship in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed
Term
Scientific Method
Definition
a process that involves making careful observations, making predictions, designing an experiment that tests your predictions, analyzing the results of that experiment, and interpreting those observations
Term
Observations
Definition
noticing minute details
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
a possible explanation for an observation
Term
Experiments
Definition
tests that will either support or disprove the hypothesis
Term
Variable
Definition
factor that can change in an experiment, only one variable can be used for an experiment to be considered valid
Term
Control
Definition
a factor that does not change
Term
Positive Control
Definition
control that should prove positive in the end
Term
Negative Control
Definition
a control that should not prove positive in the end
Term
Theory
Definition
a hypothesis that is supported by many experiments done through time (not considered to be completely true)
Term
Law
Definition
a theory that has stood the test of time and is accepted as the truth
Term
Elements
Definition
a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical processes into simpler substances
Term
Compound
Definition
substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined in definite proportion
Term
Atoms are Composed of?
Definition
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Term
Protons
Definition
positively charged particles located in the nucleus
Term
Neutrons
Definition
neutral particles located in the nucleus
Term
Electrons
Definition
negativel charged particles that form a "cloud" around the nuclear wall (are the particles that are transferred, weigh close to nothing)
Term
# of Protons Determine?
Definition
type of element
Term
Most Atoms are
Definition
neutral
Term
Ions
Definition
atoms that have lost or gained an electron
Term
In Order to get a Negative Charge, an Atom Must
Definition
gain an electron
Term
In Order to Gain a Positive Charge, an Atom Must
Definition
lose an electron
Term
Anion
Definition
negatively charged ion
Term
Cation
Definition
positively charged ion
Term
Isotopes
Definition
atoms of the same elements that have a different number of electrons
Term
There are about ___ naturally occurring radioactive isotopes
Definition
50
Term
Radioactive isotopes have ____ nuclei
Definition
unstable
Term
Chemical Bonds
Definition
attractions that hold 2 or more atoms together to form compouds
Term
Breaking of bonds equal
Definition
energy release
Term
Formation of bonds equal
Definition
energy to be absorbed
Term
Ionic Bonds
Definition
chemical bond formed from the attractive force between ions with the opposite charges
Term
Newly formed compounds do not have a ___
Definition
charge
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