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| In a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. |
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| a five carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides. |
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| an organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA and RNA. |
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| a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine. |
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| a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine or uracil. |
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| The rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, and that adenine pairs with uracil in RNA. |
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| Each complementary base pairs contains one double-ring purine and one single-ringed pyrimidine. |
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| The order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA is called its base sequence. |
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| The process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission. |
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| The enzymes called helicases separate the DNA strands. |
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| The Y-shaped region that results when the two strands seperate is called a replication fork. |
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| During step 2, enzymes called DNA polymerase add complementary nucleotides, found floating freely inside the nucleus, to each of the original strands. |
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| In translation, DNA acts as a template for the synthesisi of RNA. Transcription is the process by which the genetic instructions in a specific gene are transcribed or "rewritten" into an RNA molecule. |
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| In translation, RNA directs the assembly of proteins. |
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| Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA is called protein synthesis, or gene expression. |
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| RNA contains the sugar Ribose. |
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| A single stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein. |
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| Is part of the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes are organelles in the cell where protein synthesis occurs. |
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| Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein. |
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| THe first step of Transcription; RNA polymerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA on a DNA template, binds to a promoter. |
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| A promoter is a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initates transcription. |
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| RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal, a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene. |
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| The genetic code is the term for the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides corresponds to a particular amino acid. |
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| Each three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start or stop signal is called a codon. |
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| The region of the tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA. |
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| The complete genetic material contained in a individual. |
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| 4 ways RNA is Different from DNA |
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Definition
1.RNA contains the sugar Ribose while DNA contains the sugar Deoxyribose.
2. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil while DNA contains the nitrogenous base thymine.
3. RNA is single strand while DNA is double strand.
4. RNA is much shorter in length while DNA is usually long, containing hundreds or thousands of genes. |
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