Term
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Definition
| The branch of mathematics that involves the collection, analysis and interpretation of data |
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Term
9.2
Descriptive Statistics |
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Definition
| Procedures to summarize the set of data |
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Term
9.3
Inferential statistics |
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Definition
| Procedures used to analyze data after an experiment is completed in order to determine whether the independent variable has a significant effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| The assignment of symbols to events according to a set of rules |
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Definition
| A set of measurement rules |
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Definition
| A scale of measurement permits events to be rank ordered. |
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Definition
| A scale of measurement that permits rank ordering of events with the assumption of equal intervals between adjacent events |
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Definition
| A scale of measurement that permits rank ordering of events with the assumptions of equal intervals between adjacent events and a true zero point |
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Definition
| The score in a distribution that occurs most often |
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Term
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Definition
| The number that divides a distribution in half |
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Definition
| The arithmetic average of a set of numbers; found by adding all the scores in a set then dividing by the number of scores. |
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Term
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Definition
| Graphical representation of the percentage allocated to each alternative as a slice of a circular pie |
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Term
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Definition
| A graph in which the frequency for each category of a quantitative variable is represented as a vertical column that touches the adjacent column |
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Definition
| A graph in which the frequency for each category of a qualitative variable is represented as a vertical column. The columns of a bar graph do not touch. (pg 177) |
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Term
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Definition
| A graph that is constructed by placing a dot in the center of each bar of a histogram and then connecting the dots. (Pg 178) |
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Term
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Definition
| A graph that is frequently used to depict the results of an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The vertical or y axis of a graph |
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Term
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Definition
| The horizontal or x axis of a graph |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which scores spread out around the mean. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of variability that is computed by subtracting the smallest score from the largest score. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single number that represents the total amount of variation in a distribution; also the square of the standard deviation. (σ2) (pg 182) |
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Term
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Definition
| Square root of the variance; has important relations to the normal curve. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symmetrical, bell shaped distribution having half the scores above the mean and half the scores below the mean. |
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Term
9.25
Correlation Coefficient
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Definition
| A single number representing the degree of relation between 2 variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hypothesis that says that all differences between groups are due to chance (i.e., not the operation of the IV) (pg 192) |
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Term
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Definition
| An inferential statistical test used to evaluate the difference between the two means. (pg 194) |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a number in a specified set to assume any value. (pg 195) |
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Term
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Definition
| Accepting the experimental hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true (pg 199) |
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Term
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Definition
| Accepting the null hypothesis when the experimental hypothesis is true. (pg 199) |
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Term
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Definition
| The magnitude or size of the experimental treatment. (pg 200) |
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Term
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Definition
| Objectively quantifiable observations.(pg 86) |
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Term
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Definition
| An additional scientific study that is conducted in exactly the same manner as the original research project (pg 87) |
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Term
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Definition
| To directly manipulate (1) a factor of interest in a research study to determine it's effects or (2) other, unwanted variables that could influence the results of a research project (pg 87) |
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Term
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Definition
| An Attempt to determine the cause-and-effect relations that exist in nature. Involves the manipulation of an independent variable (IV) recording of changes in a dependent variable (DV) and control of extraneous variables. (pg 88) |
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Term
5.5
Independent Variable (IV) |
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Definition
| A stimulus or aspect of the environment that the experimenter directly manipulates to determine its influences on behavior (pg 88) |
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Term
5.6
Dependent Variable (DV) |
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Definition
| A response or behavior that the experimenter measures. Changes in the DV should be caused by manipulation of the independent variable (IV) (pg 89) |
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Term
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Definition
| Undesired variables that may operate to influence the dependent variable (DV) and thus invalidate experiment. (pg 89) |
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Term
5.8
Research or Experimental Hypothesis |
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Definition
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Definition
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5.11
Contradictory Statement |
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5.12
General Implication form |
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Definition
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5.13
Principle of Falsifiability |
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Definition
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5.16
Directional Research hypothesis |
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Definition
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Term
| 5.17Nondirectional Research hypothesis |
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Definition
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Definition
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6.2
Operational Definition |
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Definition
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6.5
Stimulus or Environmental IV |
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Definition
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Term
6.6
Participant Characteristic |
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Definition
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Definition
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6.16
Within-Subject Counterbalancing |
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Definition
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Term
6.17
Within-group Counterbalancing |
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Definition
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Term
6.18
Complete Counterbalancing |
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Definition
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Term
6.19
Incomplete Counterbalancing |
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Definition
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Term
6.20
Sequence or Color Effects |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
6.22
Differential Carryover |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
7.4
Single-blind Experiment |
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Definition
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Term
7.5
Demand Characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
7.6
Good participant effect |
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Definition
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Definition
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7.10
Double-blind Expperiment |
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Definition
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7.11
Cross -cultural Psychology |
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Definition
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7.16
Cultural Response set |
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Definition
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