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Chaper 14
Blood
65
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/18/2010

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Cards

Term
Blood functions transport vital substances such as:
Definition
Nutrients, Gases, Wastes, Hormones
Term
Blood maintaines:
Definition

Stability of interstitial fluid

Distributes heat

Term
What is the percentage of blood cells
Definition
45%
Term
Where do blood cells form mostly in?
Definition
Red bone marrow
Term
What is our percentage of plasma?
Definition
55%
Term
Blood volume varies with what?
Definition
Body size, changes in fluid concentration, changes in electrolyte concentration and the amount of adipose tissue.
Term
Blood volume is what percentage of our body weight?
Definition
8%
Term
How much blood volume is in our bodies?
Definition
5 Liters
Term
Blood cells originate in red bone marrow from
Definition
Hematopoietic stem cells
Term
Hematopoietic stem cells are also known as what?
Definition
hemocytoblasts
Term
Red blood cells have one third of what?
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
Oxyhemoglobin is what color?
Definition
Bright red
Term
Deoxyhemoglobin is what color?
Definition
Bluish
Term
Red blood cells can readily squeeze through what?
Definition
Capillaries
Term
Red blood cells lack what when mature?
Definition
Nuclei and mitochondria
Term
RBC count in adult males is what?
Definition
4,600,000 - 6,200,000
Term
RBC count in adulte females is what?
Definition
4,200,000 - 5,400,000
Term
RBC count in children is what?
Definition
4,500,000 - 5,100,000
Term
In the red bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells divide and give rise to ________ that can synthesie 2 million to 3 million hemoglobin molecules per second
Definition
Erythroblasts
Term
Low blood oxygen causes kidneys and liver to release ______ which stimulates RBC production
Definition
Erythropoietin
Term
What is necessary for hemoblobin?
Definition
Iron
Term
Vitamin B12, folic acid is needed for what?
Definition
Cell growth and division
Term
How long do RBC circulate?
Definition
120 days
Term
What destroys worn out RBCs?
Definition
Macrophages in spleen
Term
What is broken down into 4 hemes?
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
How many irons per globin?
Definition
4
Term
What color is biliverdin?
Definition
Green Pigment
Term
What color is bilirubin?
Definition
Orange
Term
What is excreted in bile?
Definition
Biliverdin and bilirubin
Term
How many types of leukocytes are there?
Definition
5
Term
What are hormones that stimulate development?
Definition
Interleukins and colony - stimulating factors (CSFs)
Term
What is twice as large as RBC?
Definition
White blood cells
Term
What is smaller than RBC?
Definition
Lymphocytes
Term
What has a 12 hour life span?
Definition
Granulocytes
Term
Granulocytes are?
Definition
Neurtophils, eosinophils and basophils
Term
Where do granulocytes develop?
Definition
Bone marrow
Term
Agranulocytes are?
Definition
Lymphocytes and monocytes
Term
What forms in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissues?
Definition
Agranulocytes
Term
What color are neutrophils?
Definition
Light blue
Term
What is another name for neutrophils?
Definition
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (poly's)
Term
What arrives first to an infection?
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
What color are basophils?
Definition
Deep blue
Term
What migrates to damaged tissue?
Definition
Basophils
Term
What releases histamin (promotes inflammation?)
Definition
Basophils
Term
What releases heparin (anticoagulant)?
Definition
Basophil
Term
What color are eosinophils?
Definition
Deep red
Term
What has moderate allergic reactions?
Definition
Eosinophils
Term
What defends against parasitic worm infestations?
Definition
Eosinophils
Term
What is the largest blood cell?
Definition
Monocytes
Term
What leaves the blood stream to become macrophages?
Definition
Monocytes
Term
What is phagocytize bacteria and debris?
Definition
Monocytes
Term
What is about the size of a RBC?
Definition
Lymphocytes
Term
T cells do what?
Definition
Contact killers
Term
B cells do what?
Definition
Produce antibodies
Term
What is important in immunity?
Definition
Lymphocytes
Term
Damaged cells release chemicales that attract WBCs
Definition
Chemotaxis
Term
Leukocytes squeeze through capillary walls
Definition
Diapedesis
Term
What is normal per cubic millimeter of blood?
Definition
5,000 - 10,000
Term
What has a low WBC count?
Definition
leukopenia
Term
What are some of the diseases with leukopenia?
Definition
typhoid fever, flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, AIDS
Term
What has high WBC count?
Definition
Leukocytosis
Term
What are some of the symptoms with Leukocytosis?
Definition
Acute infections, viorous exercise, great loss of body fluids
Term
Blood platelets are ____ the size of RBCs
Definition
1/2
Term
How long do blood platelets live?
Definition
10 days
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