Term
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Definition
| determines bone mineral density (BMD) this can be done through the use of x ray and ultrasound |
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Term
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Definition
| lets u see the cross section of anatomy, id's fractures that are hard to evaluate,best choic for injuries or pathology that involve only bone, contrast agent may be used, |
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Term
| (MRI)Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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Definition
| uses magnetic fields, radio waves and computers to demonstrate abnormalities of sort tissue and bones uses for MUSCLES,TENDONS,AND LIGAMENTS, it is very loud and is good to diog, disc hurniation and soft small tissues tendens etc.... |
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Term
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Definition
| allows direct visualtion of joints,treatment of tears,defects, and disease may be perfoemed |
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Term
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Definition
| joint is wrapped with a compression dressing to control swelling |
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Term
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Definition
| used to id tears of joint capsule or supporting ligaments of joints, radiopaque substance or air is injected onto the joint cavity to outine sort tissur structures and the contour of the joint,range of motion distubutes the constrast agents and a series of xrays are obtained |
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Term
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Definition
| perfoemed to obtain a synovial fluid exam and to relieve pain due to effusion,anti inflammatory meds may be injected (usually done in dr's office and sterile dressing) |
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Term
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Definition
| perforned to detect metastatic and primary bone tumors arthritis, osteoporosis and fractures, bone seeking radioisotope is given IV the scan is performed after the injection |
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Term
| nursing care of bone scan |
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Definition
| give liquids when done, do not drinnk a lot of fluids they wannt empty bladder for the test |
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Term
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Definition
| needle electrodes are inserted to muscles to see electrical stimuli and recored on oscilloscope (carpal tunnel) |
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Term
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Definition
| done to determine disease and determine a treatment done in OR, except for bone marrow biopsy can be done in drs office |
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Term
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Definition
| exam of the subarachnoid space of spinal canal using a constrast agent by spinal puncture, u see the vertebral column intervertebral disks and spinal nerve roots and blood vessels(used to diog intervertebral disc spinal cord tumors) pt sits in fetal position to increase space between the vertebrae |
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Term
| nursing care after myelogram |
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Definition
| lots of fluids for 24h and should void with in 8 hrs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bone fragments not in alignment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| invvolves a break across the entire bone dividing it into two parts |
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Term
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Definition
| goes through part of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| disrupts the skin integrity (there are 3 grades) |
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Term
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Definition
| bone is splintered into several fragments |
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Term
| non displaced (tranverse) |
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Definition
| bone fragments remain in alignment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fracture occurs at oblique angle |
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Term
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Definition
| from twisting motion common in child abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| fractrue bone is wedged inside opposite fractured fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture in only one cortex of bone(one side of bone is broden and the other side is bent) |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture resulting in 2 or more bones pieces (segments) |
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Term
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Definition
| fragments are driven inward(fractures of skull and facial bones) |
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Term
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Definition
| bone has been compressed (vertebrae) |
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Term
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Definition
| pulling away of fragment bone by a ligament or tendon |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture resulting from a tumor or lession that has weekened the bone can occur with out trauma |
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Term
| fatigue (stress fracture) |
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Definition
| a result from excessive strain and stress on a bone common in athletes |
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Term
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Definition
| a grating sound or sensation by rubbing bony fragments together |
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Term
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Definition
| blood traped under the surface of the skin |
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Term
| complication of a fracture? |
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Definition
| risk for hypovolemic shock,provide pain relief, assess for neuro vascular complication such as avascular necrosis and impared neuro functions |
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Term
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Definition
| an area of the body encaded by the bone for fascia that contains muscles nerves and blood vessels |
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Term
| how many anatomic compartment are in our body |
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Definition
| 46 and 36 of them are located in the extermities |
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Term
| what is compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
| severe decrease in blood flow to the tissues distal to an are of injury that results in ischemic necrosis of prompt intervention dose not occur |
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Term
| o2 decreases leads to cellular acidosis and acidosis increases cell energy requiremants and capillaries dilate to try to increase the blood supply and O2, edema increases which causes further decreases in O2 and can result in vascular insufficency and nerve compression |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pain,Paresthesia, Pallor, Polar (cold fingers or toes), paralysis, pulses |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain, pallor, Paresthesia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| usually occurs with in 48hrs, fat globules are released from the bone marrow released in to blood bessels and travel in to small vessels including those in the lungs resulting in respiratioy insufficency |
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Term
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Definition
| altered mental status(earlest sympotom), respiratior distress, tachcardia tachypenea, fever, cutaneus petechiae |
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Term
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Definition
| most common complication of lower extermity surgery or trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation with in bone secodary to organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| bone pain that worse with movement, erythema edema and fever |
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Term
| treatment of osteomyclitis |
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Definition
| long cours of antibiotics(IV and oral) for three months, surgical debridment |
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Term
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Definition
| has not healed in 6 months |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fracture heal incorrectly |
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Term
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Definition
| common with high energy fractures and twisting injuries in the lower extermities, increased collidal osmotic presure pulls more fluid into the space |
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Term
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Definition
| fractures at head or neck (with in the joint capsule)may damage the vascular system that supplies blood to the head and the neck of the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture at trochanteric region (outside joint capsule) of subtochanteric region |
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Term
| acute compartment syndrome |
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Definition
| tissue perfusion in an area is less than that required for tissue viability, most common in fracture in lower leg or forearm or when there is edema and bleeding assoc with severe trauma |
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Term
| What happen in Acute Compartment syndrome? MUST KNOW!!!!!! |
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Definition
| pressure with in the compartment may decrease microdcirculation, causing nerve and muscle anoxia and necrosis, decrease in O2 leads to cellular acidosis, acidosis increases cell energy reqirements, cappillaries Dilate to tru to increase the blood supply and O2, edema increases which causes further decreases in O2 and can result in vascular insufficiency and nerve compression |
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Term
| With an order an RN can take of casts in the ER |
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Definition
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Term
| With an order an RN can take of casts in the ER |
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Definition
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Term
| S&S of of dislocation after a hip replacement? |
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Definition
| increased pain,edema, immobilization, acute groin pain, shortening of the leg, abnormal external or internal rotation, restricted ability or inability to move the leg, reported "popping" sensation in the hip |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| post op of knee replacement |
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Definition
| no restriction othe rthan using a cushion or a soft surface when kneeling, compression bandage applied to control edema and bleeding, continous passive motion machine, encourage active flexion of the foot every hour keep knee in neutral positio, wound suction to prevent fluid accumulation in joint drain removed 24-48 hours |
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Term
| Percutaneous laser disk decompression or diskectomy |
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Definition
| local anestic, thin needle is inserted under fluoroscopy, optical fiber is placed throufh the needle to enable laser energy to travel and vaporize the disk necleus, hard plastic prosthesis replaces th disk 24 hr of bedrest after procedure return to work in a week |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of one or more lamina plus osteophytes and diskectomy |
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Term
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Definition
| stabilizes the affected area |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive stretching of a muscle or tendon |
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Term
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Definition
| significant pain, muscle spasm ecchymosis, edema and loss of function |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive stretching of ligaments surrounding a joint ligaments maintain stability of joint while permitting mobility |
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Term
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Definition
| severe pain, tenderness, increased edema abnormal joint motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Rest, Ice, Compression bandage, Elevation |
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Term
| Epicondylitis (tennis elbow) |
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Definition
| excessive repetive extension, flexion pronation and supination activities of the forarm |
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Term
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Definition
| from twisting or repetive squatting and impact its a cressent shaped cartliages attached to the edge of the articulating surface of the head of the tibia |
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Term
| repture of achilles tendon |
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Definition
| occurs when there is a sudden contraction of the calf muscle with the foot fixed firmly to the floor treatment is surgical repair and cast 6-8 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of foot supporting fascia, heel pain diminishes with gentle streching of foot and achilles tendon, treatment is shoe supports and cushioning,orthotic devices |
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Term
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Definition
| overgrowht of epidermis produced by internal pressure or external pressure treatment is soaking and scraping off horny layer or surgical removal |
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Term
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Definition
| thickened area of the skin that has exposed to persistant pressure or friction |
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