Term
| Emergency situations such as: |
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Definition
- Difficulty breathing
- Changes in skin color or vital signs
- Open bleeding wounds or visible punctures not indicated on the patient's chart
- Inability to move an extremity
- Misshapen/misaligned body part
- Disorientation or confusion
- Severe Cephalalgia (headache)
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Term
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Definition
Make sure to provide the patient an airway and check circulation status
2nd should be to maintain cardiovascular status or restore it to hemostasis |
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Term
| For the first 2 priorities, treatment is provided for these conditions: |
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Definition
- Chest injuries
- Shock
- Wound protection/closure
- Fractures
- Vital sign monitoring
- Provision of reassurance and comfort for the patient
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Term
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is: |
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Definition
| Technique of manually providing chest compressions and ventilations to patients in cardiac arrest |
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Term
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Definition
| To provide oxygenated blood to the brain and vital organs and reverse the processes that lead to death |
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Term
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Definition
Sudden Cardiac Arrest, Ventricular fibrillation.
Both of these demand CPR |
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Term
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Definition
| The time it takes before brain cells start to deteriorate. Makes it imperative to start CPR as quickly as possible |
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Term
| ⊗ The best way for surgical techs to learn CPR |
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Definition
| Obtain a certification in it or one in BLS |
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Term
| ⊗How often should one recertify their CPR or BLS training? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the warning signs of Cardiac Arrest? |
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Definition
- Chest pain (in the awake patient)
- Unstable blood pressure -Tachycardia
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
- Respiratory changes
- Hypovolemia
- Laryngospasm
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Term
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Definition
| Low levels of fluid in the blood and in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| The vocal cords suddenly seize up or close when taking in a breath, blocking the flow of air into the lungs |
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Term
| The Chain of Survival entails: |
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Definition
- The ABC's and D
- Successful resuscitation requirements
- Early recognition of cardiac arrest and action from trained responders
- Early CPR and Defibrillation
- Early Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
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Term
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Definition
| Electrical Shock to restore cardiac rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| Advanced Cardiac Life Support |
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Term
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Definition
A: Airway
B: Breathing
C: Circulation
D: Definitive Treatment |
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Term
| ⊗ Definitive Treatment involves: |
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Definition
- Control of dysrhythmia by cardiac defibrillation
- Use of IV drugs and post resuscitative care
- Monitoring blood pressure and blood gases
- Providing artificial respiration
- IV access, arterial pressure, blood gas monitoring
- Airway management, respiratory and cardiac support
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Term
| Basic life support was changed from |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing. This is now the proper procedure for handling adults, adolescents and infants. not newborns though |
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Term
| Look, listen and feel has been eliminated because: |
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Definition
| Of the inconsistency in the performance of these steps and their time consumption, thus delaying the start of chest compressions |
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Term
| When patient is unresponsive, check them by: |
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Definition
| Tapping them on the shoulder and shouting "Are you alright"! Also, check their breathing |
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Term
| Shaking the patient to check responsiveness is: |
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Definition
| No longer the right way to recognize cardiac arrest |
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Term
| What is needed for High Quality Compressions |
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Definition
| Appropriate rate and depth which includes recoil after each compression |
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Term
| ⊗ What should be avoided during compressions |
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Definition
| Pauses, as well as excessive ventilation. Defibrillation must also not interrupt the compressions if put into play |
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Term
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Definition
| Return of Spontaneous Circulation, which will terminate resuscitation needs. |
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Term
| ⊗ The ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths for infants, adolescents and adults is |
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Definition
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Term
| ⊗ Consistent depth of 2 inches |
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Definition
| The minimum compression for adults we must achieve to do CPR correctly. Used to be 1.5-2 inches |
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Term
| The recommended number of Compressions per minute |
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Definition
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Term
| Positioning the head helps with: |
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Definition
| Creating a tight seal to perform mouth-to-mouth rescue |
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Term
| Where and how should the HCP (Health-care-provider) position their hands to provide compressions? |
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Definition
| The 1st hands' heel on the lower half of the sternum and the 2nd hand on top in a parallel fashion. Use of a backboard is recommended. |
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Term
| ⊗ How often should rescuers switch in the duties of compressing? How quick should the switch be? |
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Definition
When 2 or more are available, switch every 2 minutes
The switch should be made in less than 5 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency response system |
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Term
| As one HCP begins compressions, what should the other HCP do? |
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Definition
| Activate the ERS and obtain an AED to use ASAP |
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Term
| ⊗ Cardiac Arrests in neonatals still follows the ABC sequence because: |
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Definition
| For them the cause is nearly always asphyxia |
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Term
| ⊗ The ratio of Chest compressions for neonatals is _____ unless ______ |
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Definition
| 3-1: the arrest is due to Cardiac etiology which would then bump it to 15-2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by a disease or abnormality of the heart |
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Term
| Cardiac arrest is usually caused by |
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Definition
| Exsanguinations or a critical thoracic injury |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Don't use chest compressions or tilt the head to open the airway when: |
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Definition
| There is any suspicion of cervical spine injury because these will not reverse cardiac arrest |
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Term
| When there is suspicion of cervical spine injury the patient must: |
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Definition
| Undergo a resuscitative thoracotomy to allow access to the heart and major vessels by hand. This is known as a Cardiac massage |
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Term
| (MH) Malignant Hyperthermia signs include: |
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Definition
- Rapid increase in body temp
- Unexplained tachycardia
- Unstable blood pressure
- Muscle rigidity
- Tachypnea (rapid and shallow breathing)
- Cyanosis
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Term
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Definition
| A bluish color in the skin, lips, and nail beds caused by a shortage of oxygen in the blood |
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Term
| MH is usually triggered by |
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Definition
| An anesthetic agent such as halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane and may be triggered by muscle relaxants such as succinylcholine |
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Term
| (DIC) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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Definition
| A pathological process in the body that occurs when blood begins to coagulate within the body. this may result in clotting symptoms or, more often, in bleeding due to the depletion of the body's blood clotting mechanisms |
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Term
| ⊗ To counteract DIC one must |
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Definition
| Administer a transfusion of fresh-frozen plasma to replace the coagulation factors. Additionally, Heparin (used to prevent thrombosis) is sometimes prescribed in combination with replacement therapy |
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Term
| What is an Anaphylactic Reaction? |
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Definition
| An exaggerated allergic reaction to a substance or protein |
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Term
| What are the most common causes of anaphylaxis? |
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Definition
| Drugs such as local anesthetics, codeine, antibiotics, animal derived drugs such as insulin, contrast media, and latex |
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Term
| What actions should be taken if a patient has an anaphylactic reaction? |
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Definition
| Maintain the airway, to prevent cardiovascular collapse and shock. Then administer epinephrine and steroids |
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Term
| ⊗ All-Hazards Preparation |
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Definition
| All-encompassing term refers to many different emergencies |
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Term
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Definition
| Those requiring the emergency response of outside assistance, which may be a the local, county, state, or federal levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Action taken by individuals, governments, healthcare facilities, allied health professionals and systems to be prepared for an emergency |
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Term
| If people are stuck on the road due to snow disasters |
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Definition
| They can suffer Hypothermia and frostbit |
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Term
| If the vehicle is left running for heat and the tail pipe becomes plugged |
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide poisoning can occur |
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Term
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Definition
| Are extended periods of abnormally hot weather that may be accompanied by high humidity |
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Term
| Why are heat waves dangerous |
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Definition
| Because the heat taxes the human body beyond its normal abilities. Ones most at risk are infants, adolescents, elderly, the obese, and the chronically ill |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of degrees Fahrenheit that tells how hot it feels when relative humidity is added to air temperature. Exposure to full sunshine can increase the heat by 15° |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular pains and spasms due to activity; often first sign/reaction by the body to the heat |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to exercising or working for long periods of time in a hot, humid place, body fluids are lost at a great rate through sweating without replacement. Mild form of shock because the body increases the blood flow to the skin, thus reducing blood flow to vital organs |
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Term
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Definition
| A life-threatening condition where patient's internal temperature control system stops working. The body temperature can rapidly increase, causing neurological damage as well as leading to death if not treated immediately |
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Term
| Earthquake levels below 3.5 and between 3.5-5.4 |
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Definition
Earthquake may be felt, but not recorded by a seismograph
Earthquake felt: rarely causes damage |
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Term
| Earthquake levels 5.4-6.0 and levels 6.1-6.9 |
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Definition
Slight damage to well-designed, earthquake resistant buildings; major damage to poorly constructed buildings
Heavy damage and destruction up to 62 miles from the epicenter |
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Term
| Earthquake levels 7.0-7.9 and levels 8.0 and greater |
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Definition
Major earthquake that causes heavy damage and destruction over a very large area
Strongest of earthquakes, with serious damage and destruction for hundreds of miles |
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Term
| Underwater Eruptions of Volcanoes can cause |
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Definition
| Tsunamis to form, and large plumes of superheated volcanic ash to blanket an area |
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Term
| ⊗ The volcanic ash can cause what kind of complications |
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Definition
| Respiratory complications as well as damage the lungs and cause serious burns |
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Term
| ⊗ How can infectious diseases spread quickly? |
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Definition
| If there is a large gathering of people, especially if they are in a shelter with poor sanitation infrastructure and access to health care services |
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Term
| ⊗ Epidemics and pandemics can quickly do what |
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Definition
| Overwhelm the health-care systems and create a shortage HCP's who become sick themselves |
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Term
| ⊗ With limited supplies and having a few ventilator machines can lead to: |
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Definition
| Diseases like influenza can be hard to treat and can easily lead to more complications like pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
| Transportation accidents and acts of terrorism or industrial incidents |
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Term
| Chemical Release accidents |
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Definition
| Life threatening events that can cause severe damage to the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Occur due to the detonation of an improvised nuclear device or radiological dispersal device referred to as a "Dirty Bomb" or because of a nuclear power plant accident |
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Term
| ⊗ Injuries that can be sustained during an explosion |
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Definition
| Blast injuries, Thermal/Flash burns, Flash blindness, and ionizing radiation injuries |
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Term
| ⊗ Scarring of the eyes, permanently altered vision, or blindness are the result of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiation Exposure can cause |
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Definition
| Mutations to occur in the cells of the body, resulting in various types of cancer |
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Term
| ⊗ Explosions have the potential to: |
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Definition
| Injure all body parts, challenging HCP's in determining the injuries that require immediate treatment to preserve the life of the patient (Life over limb) |
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Term
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Definition
| The timely acceptance and transfer of patients with threatening conditions to an appropriate level of acute care services for interventions that would improve patient outcomes |
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Term
| Injuries that are common to explosion victims are |
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Definition
| Penetrating wounds, blast soft tissue injuries, fractures and burns |
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Term
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Definition
| Involve the collapse of roads, bridges and structures |
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Term
| ⊗ Infrastructure incidents primarily cause |
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Definition
| Crushing unjuries and severe lacerations |
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Term
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Definition
| The unlawful use of violence or threat of violence to instill fear and coerce governments or societies |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious, political, or other ideological beliefs and committed in the pursuit of goals that are usually political |
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Term
| The first indication of a terrorist attack is |
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Definition
| Having a large number of patients presenting with the same set of signs and symptoms |
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Term
| Biological weapons can be absorbed through |
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Definition
| The respiratory tract or can be absorbed through the mucous membranes, eyes, skin or open wounds |
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Term
| ⊗ The 2 most likely biological agents to be used as bioweapons are |
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Definition
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Term
| ⊗ For preparation in case of emergencies families should |
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Definition
| Research, identify, and familiarize themselves with the local and regional destructive events that could occur. After which, we must create a family emergency plan for each type of emergency and set aside supplies with an emergency contact numbers |
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Term
| National Incident Management System |
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Definition
| Governments, public health sector, private agencies & nongovernmental organizations |
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Term
| Local Emergency Management Agencies |
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Definition
| Fire Dept., EMS, Public health dept. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ensures all responders know their roles and duties, and whom to report to |
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Term
| ⊗ When a disaster happens, the Governor does what? |
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Definition
| Forwards a request to the President To declare a disaster, which is called a Presidential Declaration |
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Term
| Federal Assistance must be requested through |
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Definition
| Formal channels by the local and state Governments bu it could take up to 3 days or longer |
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Term
| The Federal Emergency Management does what? |
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Definition
| They nationally declare the emergency and coordinate treatment to victims and food and shelter at the emergency scene |
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Term
| National Response Framework |
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Definition
| Guide for coordinating the disaster relief activities, when presidential declaration has been made |
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Term
| National Disaster Medical System |
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Definition
| Enacts the NRF; Responsible for sending medical equipment, supplies, teams to the disaster scene and patient transportation needs |
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Term
| Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATS) |
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Definition
| Specialized teams that can be rapidly deployed to the emergency scene to assist in caring for victims |
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Term
| ⊗ To be a surgical tech member of DMAT's they have to have |
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Definition
| Completed additional training in first aid, starting IV lines, CPR/BLS and other emergency care that DMAT uses. It is the same if they want to perform Triage ⊗ |
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Term
| ⊗ Disaster Mortuary Operations Response Team (DMORT) |
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Definition
| Team members that include medical examiners, pathologists, radiographers, and dental assistants who aid in recording the identification of victims |
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Term
| ⊗ National Pharmacy Response Teams (NPRT's) |
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Definition
| Team members who are pharmacists and pharmacy technicians who dispense drugs and provide vaccinations to the population within the disaster area |
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Term
| Emergency Action Plan (EAP) |
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Definition
| Follows state and Federal Guidelines the mitigate, prepare, respond, and recover before during and after disaster |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies hazards and plans prevention |
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Term
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Definition
| Developing emergency action plan & establishes the emergency operations center |
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Term
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Definition
| Preps before, during and after the event |
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Term
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Definition
| Activities performed to aid the community in returning to as normal as possible |
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Term
| ⊗ Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) |
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Definition
| Chain of command that specifies the roles of HCPS. It allows the health care facility to work efficiently with other health facilities and responding agencies |
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Term
| Knowing the Health care facilities signals and codes will |
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Definition
| Help with efficiency especially in times of crisis |
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Term
| Evacuation of patients involves |
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Definition
| Moving the patients to an area of the facility that is the most safe and secure |
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Term
| ⊗ Evacuation logistics factors |
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Definition
- Medications
- Blood and blood products
- Availability of backup gas-powered generators
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Term
| ⊗ Evacuations other factors include |
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Definition
| Communication and agreement to receive the patients in a safe location with a detailed list of those moved. CST's fill the role of positioning and transporting patients and medical records which is imperative |
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Term
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Definition
| A preliminary assessment of patients or casualties in order to determine the urgency of their need for treatment and the nature of treatment required |
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Term
| During a Triage HCP should |
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Definition
| Not enter the scene of a disaster without ensuring it's safe. They do, however, need to to create a safe zone as soon as possible |
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Term
| Decontamination of patients is particularly important when it is: |
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Definition
| A radiological or Chemical disaster |
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Term
| ⊗ Radiological Decontamination Procedure involves |
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Definition
| Removing the clothes ASAP because up to 90% of the contamination will be eliminated that way |
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Term
| ⊗ How does the skin get treated during radiologic decontamination? |
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Definition
| The skin and wounds are scrubbed with .5% sodium hypochlorite (Household bleach) and water then irrigated with normal saline. ⊗ Don't use on brain and spinal cord wounds, the eyes or the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
| What type of PPE should be used during Triage |
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Definition
| Disposable sponges, towels, gowns and other clothing should be available should be used. Stay clean and warm |
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Term
| How should a triage area work |
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Definition
| Patients are separated by severity close to the scene of the disaster. Patients should be tagged. There should be a separate ambulance loading area with a team assigned to it and one person who coordinates actions |
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Term
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Definition
| Doesn't provide patient care but works in assessing them quickly. Some victims don't have life threatening injuries but do have a chance to prevent deterioration |
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Term
| ⊗ The goal of providing quality patient care is difficult to reach for the Triage person because: |
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Definition
| They have to decide quickly how to serve as many patients as possible while using medical supplies and manpower in an economic way |
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Term
| A popular system of Triage is Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) |
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Definition
| This uses 4 main categories in which to place patients summed up with the acronym DIME |
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Term
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Definition
D: Delayed
I: Immediate
M: Minimal
E: Expectant |
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Term
| ⊗ Triage of Chemical/Nuclear disaster victims require |
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Definition
| A separate system of triage in order to contain the contamination |
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Term
| Victims of nuclear/chemical incidents are triaged into 3 categories |
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Definition
Hot zones
Warm zones
Cold zones |
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Term
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Definition
| The central area where the disaster occurred. patient is quickly assessed for airway patency and sever hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
| 300 feet or more from the hot zone. They are quickly triaged into the four categories |
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Term
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Definition
| Triage zone near the warm zone where patients are evaluated for injuries secondary to severe injuries and transported to a facility |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that relaxes the bronchi so that it opens more and allows the passage of air to the lungs |
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