Term
Axial skeleton (126 bones)
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Definition
Bones of skull, thorax, and vertebral column
Form longitudinal axis of body |
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Term
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Definition
| Act as levers with skeletal muscles to move body |
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Term
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Definition
Thin, roughly parallel surfaces
Examples: cranial bones, sternum |
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Term
Sutural bones (Wormian bones)
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Definition
Irregular bones formed between cranial bones
Number, size, and shape vary |
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Term
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Definition
Relatively long and slender
Examples: various bones of the limbs |
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Definition
Complex shapes
Examples: vertebrae, bones of pelvis, facial bones |
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Definition
Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like sesame seed
Develop in tendons of knee, hands, and feet
Individual variation in location and number |
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Term
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Definition
•Head (expanded proximal end that forms part of joint)
•Tubercle (small, rounded projection)
•Sulcus (deep, narrow groove)
•Tuberosity (small, rough projection; may occupy broad area)
•Diaphysis (shaft; elongated body)
•Trochlea (smooth, grooved articular process)
•Condyle (smooth, rounded articular process) |
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Term
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Definition
•Trochanter (large, rough projection)
•Head
•Neck (narrow connection between head and diaphysis)
•Diaphysis
•Facet (small, flat articular surface)
•Condyle |
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Term
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Definition
Covers portions of epiphysis that form articulations
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Definition
Carry blood to/from metaphysis
Connects to epiphyseal arteries/veins |
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Term
Circumferential lamellae (circum-, around + ferre, to bear)
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Definition
| Outer and inner surfaces of compact bone layer |
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Definition
| Fill spaces between osteons |
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Definition
Contain central canals (parallel to bone surface)
Connected by perforating canals (perpendicular) |
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Definition
Increases bone diameter of existing bones
Does not form original bones |
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Definition
Two layers
Fibrous outer layer
Cellular inner layer |
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Definition
Created by osteoblasts in periosteum cellular layer
Strongly connect tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules to bone through periosteum |
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Term
Secondary ossification centers |
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Definition
| form as capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into epiphyses |
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Term
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Definition
Reduction in growth hormone leads to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and short bones
Rare due to treatment with synthetic growth hormone |
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Term
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Definition
Epiphyseal cartilage grows unusually slowly
Limbs are short
Trunk is normal size |
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Term
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Definition
| Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty |
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Term
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Definition
Growth hormone levels rise after epiphyseal plates close
Bones get thicker |
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Term
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)
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Definition
| Gene mutation that causes bone deposition around skeletal muscles |
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Term
Types of fractures (continued)
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Definition
•Transverse
•Break shaft across long axis
•Spiral
•Produced by twisting stresses
•Spread along length of bone
•Displaced
•Produce new and abnormal bone arrangements
•Nondisplaced retain normal alignment |
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