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| a specialization within anthropological linguistics that focuses on speech performance. |
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| grammatical constructions that deviate from those used by the socially dominant group in a society. |
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| A form of English spoken by many blacks, particularly among those of rural or urban working-class backgrounds. |
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| The ability of individuals who speak multiple languages to move seamlessly between them. |
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| The hypothesis that perceptions and understandings of time, space, and matter are conditioned by the structure of a language. |
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| The analysis and study of touch |
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| the study of the different ways that cultures understand time and use it to communicate |
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| the study of the cultural use of interpersonal space |
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| the study of body position, movement facial expressions, and gaze. |
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| a language of contact and trade composed of features of the original languages of two or more societies. |
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| a language that is composed of elements of two or more different languages |
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| the science of documenting the relationships between languages and grouping them into language families. |
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| a statistical technique that linguists have developed to estimate the date of separation of related languages |
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| In what ways is human language distinct from animal communication? |
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| all animals communicate. however, human communication differs from that of other animals in its flexibility and its ability to convey new ideas and abstract concepts. some key elements believed to be unique to human language are conventionality, productivity, and displacement. all ofthese are related to the human use of symbols. some animals may be trained to use language in humanlike ways. however, hanguage is a fundamental part of human adaptation. as far as we know, it does not play this role for any other species. |
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| when did human language originate? |
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| anthropologists about hte origins of language. human ancestors certainly communicated with each other. however, the linguistic abilities of current-day Homo sapiens may have emerged as recently as 50,000 years ago |
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| How do children learn language? |
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| In all cultures, children go through the same stages of language learning in the same sequence and at roughly the same speed regardless of the language being learned. this suggest that humans have an innate language-learning capacity. However, this potential for speech is realized only through social interaction with other humans. children deprived of such interaction do not learn language. |
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| What are the principal components of all human language? |
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| The components of a language are a sound system (phonology), rules that pattern word formation (morphology), a system for combining word in to meaningful utterances (syntax), and linkages between words and their meanings (lexicon). |
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| What is the relationship between the rules of language and the performance of language? |
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| Language can be described by a series of rules, but actually speaking and understanding language requires deep understanding of culture. |
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