Term
|
Definition
| The cell is the smallest structural and functional living unit |
|
|
Term
| Biochemical activities of cells are dictated by: |
|
Definition
| their specific subcellular structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Human cells have three basic regions: |
|
Definition
Plasma membrane—flexible outer boundary
Cytoplasm—intracellular fluid containing organelles
Nucleus—control center |
|
|
Term
Plants have cell:
Animals have cell: |
|
Definition
walls;
membranes (flexible) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane Lipids: Composition & anatomy |
|
Definition
75% phospholipids (lipid bilayer)
Phosphate heads: polar and hydrophilic
Fatty acid tails: nonpolar and hydrophobic
20% cholesterol
Increases membrane stability and fluidity
5% glycolipids
Lipids with polar sugar groups on outer membrane surface |
|
|
Term
| Membrane Junctions; Three types: |
|
Definition
Tight junction
Passage between cells ECF
Desmosome
Anchor cells together “rivits”
Gap junction
Allows passage
of ions between
cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located between plasma membrane and nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water with solutes (protein, salts, sugars, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metabolic machinery of cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Granules of glycogen or pigments, lipid droplets, vacuoles, and crystals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Provide most of cell’s ATP via aerobic cellular respiration -Power House
Contain their own DNA and RNA |
|
|
Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
|
Definition
Interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing cisternae
Continuous with nuclear membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Manufactures all proteins
Studded with ribosomes (red dots)
Synthesizes membrane integral proteins and phospholipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzymes and more lipid based proteins: depends on the organ
In the liver —lipid and cholesterol metabolism, breakdown of glycogen, along with kidneys, detoxification of drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens
Endocrine glands-Synthesis of steroid-based hormones
In intestinal cells—absorption, synthesis and transport of fats
In muscle—storage and release of calcium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protein synthesis
Free ribosomes synthesize soluble proteins
Membrane-bound ribosomes insoluble-- membrane bound proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids (packaging plant)
Secretes vesicles that pinch off from the Golgi stack and move to designated parts of cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clean up crew;
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes
Digest bacteria, viruses, and toxins
Degrade nonfunctional organelles
Break down and release glycogen
Destroy injured or nonuseful cells (autolysis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clean up Crew;
Sacs containing powerful oxidases and catalases
Detoxify harmful or toxic substances
Neutralize dangerous free radicals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
include: the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, and the cell membrane. Produce, store, and export biological molecules
Degrade potentially harmful substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bones of the cell; Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Dynamic strands attached to cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
Involved in cell motility, change in shape, endocytosis and exocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A region near the nucleus that contain paired organelles called 'centrioles' Generates microtubules; organizes mitotic spindle
Contains centrioles: Small tube formed by microtubules
Mitosis Director |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cilia and flagella
Whiplike, motile extensions on surfaces of certain cells
Contain microtubules and motor molecules
Cilia move substances across cell surfaces
Longer flagella propel whole cells (tail of sperm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the extracellular part of animal tissue that usually provides structural support to the animal cells in addition to performing various other important functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all body fluid outside of cells. The remainder is called intracellular fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Genetic blueprint for cellular proteins
Responds to signals and dictates kinds and amounts of proteins to be synthesized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a very important part of centrosomes, which are involved in organizing microtubules and the mitotic spindle (cell division) in the cytoplasm. |
|
|
