Term
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Definition
- reulation of blood ionic composition
- regulation of blood ph
- regulation of blood volume
- regulation of blood pressure
- maintenance of blood osmolarity
- produciton of hormones
- regulation of blood glucose levels
- extretion of waste
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Term
| regulation of blood ionic composition |
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Definition
| regulates blood levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and phosphate. |
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Term
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Definition
| excrete hydrogen ions into the urine and conserve bicarbonate ions. |
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Term
| regulation of blood volume |
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Definition
| conserve or eliminate water as necessary |
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Term
| regulation of blood pressure |
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Definition
| will help regulate by secreteing an enzyme rennin. |
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Term
| maintnance of blood osmolarity |
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Definition
| regulate the loss of water and solutes in the urine maintaining a 300 milliosmal(amount of particles in the blood) per liter ratio |
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Term
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Definition
| produces calcitriol and erthropotetin |
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Term
| regulation of blood glucose levels |
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Definition
use amino acid, glutamine to make glucose molecules |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2 of them, redish, retroperitoneal, protected by 11th and 12th rib. 4-5 in long. Looks like a bar of soap |
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Term
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Definition
is the indention on the concave surface where the vessels emerge. |
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Term
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Definition
| - is the deep layer of dense irrectular ct outer layer that is a protective barrier. |
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Term
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Definition
| middle layer, mass of fatty tissue that surrounds the kidney itself to protect the kidney from trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
superficial layer that attaches the kidney to the abdominal wall. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
– more deep layer that consist of renal pyramids.
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| regions of the cortex that separate each pyrmaid |
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Term
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Definition
| functional unit of the kidney. Where urine formation occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| 8-18 minor calyces per kidney. 2-3 major calyces per kidney. Cup like structures that receive urine from the renal papilea |
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Term
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Definition
| single large cavity that becomes the ureter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enter the kidneys off of the abdominal aorta and continue to divide until they form the afferent arterial. |
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Term
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Definition
tangled ball of capllaries
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Term
| afferent / efferent arterioles |
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Definition
| takes blood in and out of glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
| originate in renal ganglia which supplies sympathetic stimulation to regulate the flow of blood through the kidney by causing vaso constriction or dialation of renal arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| functional unit of the kidney does 2 things: filters blood plasma the filtered fluid get removed as urine. There are about a million per kidney. |
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Term
| glomerular(bowman's) capsule |
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Definition
| double walled epethilum cup that surrounds the glomerulus. Blood plasma is filtered here and the filtered fluid will enter the renal tubules. |
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Term
| proximal convulted tuble (PCT) |
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Definition
| attached to the glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
| connect the proximal and distal convoluted tubles. Starts in the cortex, goes into the medulla and goes back to the cortex. |
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Term
| distal convoluted tubule (DCT) |
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Definition
| tightly coiled tube that is not connected to the bowman’s capsule. |
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Term
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Definition
| the area where several distal convoluted tubules empty their urine |
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Term
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Definition
area where collecting duct drains its urine and it connects to minor calyces |
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Term
| glomularis capsule histology |
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Definition
is a modified simple squamous epithilium that forms 2 layers:
- outer layer-parietal layer
- visceral layer(inner layer)- called a potocyte
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Term
| renal duct and PCT histology |
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Definition
| simple cuboidal cells with a brush boarder for reabsobrton and secrtion |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of simple squamous others simple cuboidal. |
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Term
| collecting duct histology |
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Definition
simple cuboidal and simple columnar |
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Term
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Definition
cuboidal cells, 2 types:
· principle cells- have receptors for hormone adh and aldosterone.
· intercollated cells - are cells that are involved in the homeostatsis of blood ph. |
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Term
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Definition
| Have receptors for hormones adh and aldosterone |
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Term
| intercollated cells of DCT |
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Definition
| cells that are involoved in the homeostatsis of blood ph |
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Term
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Definition
purpose is to produce urine and elimenate body waste. It is done in 3 ways:
- glomerular filtration
- tubular reabsorption
- tubular secretion
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Term
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Definition
| where water and solutes in blood plasma move out of glomerular capalaries and into renal tubules. |
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Term
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Definition
| where tubular cells reabsorb 99% of filtered water and useful solutes. The water and solutes will be returned to the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| where the tubules and duct cells secrete waste, drugs and excess ions into the fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
the fluid that enters into the capsules from the glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the fraction of blood plasma in the afferent arteriole |
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Term
| how much of glomerular filtration will be returned to the blood stream via tubles? |
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Definition
99%
160-180 liter of fluid at the end of the train urine is 1-2 liters |
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Term
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Definition
| leaky barrier that is formed by the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries and podocytes that encircle the capillares. It allows filtration of water and small solutes but prevents filtration of blood cells, platelets, and most plasma proteins. |
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Term
| 3 layers of filtration membrane |
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Definition
- glomerular endothelial cells
- basal lamina
- filtration slits in podocytes
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Term
| glomerular endothelial cells |
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Definition
| leaky membrane with large fenestrations that will allow everything out except blood cells and platelets. |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of collagen fibers and it prevents the filtration of large plasma proteins. Without this layer they would be able to get out |
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Term
| filatration slits in podocytes |
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Definition
| these allow the passage of water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids, small plasma proteins, ammonia, urea, and ions. |
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Term
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Definition
is 10 mm of mercury. 55 mm of mercury that promotes filtration and 45 mm of mercury pushing against it.
depends on 3 different pressure: |
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Term
| 3 pressures that effect net filtration |
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Definition
- glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP)
- Capsular hydrostatic pressure
- Blood colloid osmotice pressure
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Term
| glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP) |
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Definition
| pressure in the glomerularis that promotes filtration, it is equal to our blood pressure. Typically 55 mm of mercury. |
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Term
| capsular hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
| pressure against filtration caused by the fluid that’s already in the capsuler space and creates a back pressure of 15 mm of mecury. |
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Term
| blood colloid osmotic pressure |
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Definition
| pressure opposing filtration from the presence of plasma proteins in the filtrate. 30 mm of mercury |
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Term
| glomerular filtration rate |
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Definition
| amount of filtrate formed in all renal corpuscles in both kidneys each minute. |
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Term
| if glomerular filatration rate is to high and low |
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Definition
if too high substances pass too quickly through the tubules and are lost in urine
if too low substances pass too slowly through tubules and nearly all the filtrate may be reabsorpted and no wast will be excreted |
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Term
| 2 type of renal autoregulation of GFR |
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Definition
- myogenic mechanism
- tubular glomarular feedback
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Term
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Definition
| when stretching of afferent arteriole triggers contraction of smooth muscle of afferent arterole the result is decreasing the flow into the glomerulus thus decreasing GFR |
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Term
| tubular glomarular feedback |
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Definition
· macula densa cells detect an increase in GFR these cells secrete nitric oxide causing vasodialation thus decrease GFR |
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Term
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Definition
| sympathetic autonomic fibers release norepinephrine causing vasoconstriction in the smooth muscle of the afferent arterial. With great sympathetic stimulation (exercise or hemorrhaging) vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole will increase constriction efferent arteriole so blood will not leave. It keeps blood in the blood stream instead of in the kidneys. |
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Term
| 2 hormones involved in GFR |
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Definition
- Angiotensin 2
- atrial naturetic peptide (ANP)
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| atrial naturetic peptide (ANP) |
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Definition
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