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Chap 1: Multiple Lifeways
Terms from Human Adaptive Strategies: Ecology, Culture, and Politics
16
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
01/13/2008

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Term
Call Systems
Definition
A bunch of sounds where each is produced in response to a particular situation.
Term
Cultural Adaptation
Definition
All learned or socially acquired responses and behaviors that affect survival.
Term
Cultural Relativism
Definition
Ability to view beliefs and customs of other peoples within the context of their culture rather than one's own.
Term
Culture
Definition
System of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with one another and with their world and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.
Term
Empiricism
Definition
Reliance on observable and quantifiable data.
Term
Enculturation
Definition
Becoming proficient in the cultural codes of one's society.
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
Tendency to judge a culture by the standards of one's own.
Term
Gender
Definition
Distinguishable characteristics that are associated with each sex.
Term
Holism
Definition
View in anthropology that you can't consider one thing as the sum of it all.  And you can't refer it to other aspects of human life.
Term
Homo Sapiens
Definition
The Human species, scientific term.
Term
 Hypothesis
Definition
Statement that explains some phenomena that can be falsified.
Term
Language
Definition
Complex set of rules for the infinite number of ways messages can be conveyed through human communication.
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
Where a species has more surviving offspring than others and is very successful in passing on its traits to the next generation.
Term
Participant Observation
Definition
Actual participation in a culture.  The person tries to acquire understanding of the culture through social acceptance of the society.
Term
Scientific Theory
Definition
Statement that postulates ordered relationships among natural phenomena.
Term
Socialization
Definition
Where a person acquires technical skills of his or her society, the knowledge of the society's behavior, and attitudes and values that make conformity with social rules peronally meaningful, even gratifying.
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