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chap 1-5
micro
56
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
02/17/2012

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?
Definition
Louis Pasteur
Term
Who is the founder of “aseptic techniques” and aseptic surgery?
Definition
Lister
Term
Are all E. coli’s harmful
Definition
Not all are harmful. there is E. coli in the gut.
Term
The correct way of writing scientific names.
Definition
Binomal clementure/Genus, species.
Term
Contribution of Semmelweis, Koch, Pasteur, Jenner.
Definition
a) Semmelweis-Proposed hand washing between patients.
b) Koch-(postulates) series of proofs verifying the germ theory; developed pure culture technique
c) Pasteur –showed microbes cause fermentation and spoilage/disproved spontaneous generation of m.o./developed aseptic techniques/developed rabies vaccine.
d) Jenner –developed immunity to smallpox
Term
What are the probable age of our planet and the probable age of life on it?
Definition
Planet over 4 billion yrs old. Life came at about 3.5 billion yrs
Term
Which microorganism is a prokaryote and which one is eukaryote
Definition
Prokaryotes/Plants are small and lack nucleus and organelles. Eukaryotes/animals are larger and have nucleus and organelles.
Term
Roles of microorganism in our lives.
Definition
Immunology, Public health, Food/dairy/aquatic microbiology, Agricultural microbiology, Biotechnology.
Term
What does the theory of spontaneous generation and biogenesis state?
Definition
Spontaneous generation stated that living things arose from nonliving or decomposing matter. Biogenesis is that living things arise only from others of their same kind.
Term
The work of these two scientists founded microbiology as a science, who are these two scientists
Definition
Louis Pasteur/Robert Koch
Term
Are viruses smaller or bigger than bacteria?
Definition
smaller
Term
What kind of cell was the first to perform photosynthesis?
Definition
prokaryotes
Term
Who was the first to observe live microorganisms and what did he name them
Definition
Leeuwenhoek. He named them animalcules.
Term
Definition of protein structures:
Definition
Primary: chain of amino acids.
Secondary: formation of helixes and B-sheets due to hydrogen bonding within the chain.
Tertiary: cross-links, especially disulfide bonds, between secondary structures
Quaternary: formation of multisubunit proteins.
Term
Definition of organic macromolecule and what is the four kinds of organic macromolecules.
Definition
Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Term
An example of a high-energy molecule in the cell.
Definition
ATP-adenosine triphosphate
Term
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Definition
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Term
What are the complementary nucleotides in RNA and DNA?
Definition
DNA=A to T, C to G. RNA=A to U, C to G
Term
Monomers (structure)of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
Definition
a)Proteins-polypeptides/amino acids bound with peptide bonds.
b)Carbohydrates-monosaccharides (3-7 carbon sugars), disaccharides (2 monosaccharides), polysaccharides (chain of many monosaccharides).
c)Nucleic acids-(chains) pentose sugar+phosphate+nitrogen base. Purines:adenine and guanine. Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine and uracil. DNA-deoxyribose and thymine. - RNA-ribose sugar and uracil.
Term
What are the primary organic molecules making up plasma membrane in cells?
Definition
Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates
Term
Which polypeptide structure is the functional structure?
Definition
3D/tertiary. The only functional polypeptide structure
Term
Structural differences between DNA and RNA.
Definition
DNA=double stranded. RNA=single stranded
Term
Where phospholipids are most likely found in a prokaryotic cell.
Definition
Plasma membrane
Term
What are the three kinds of photosynthetic organisms?
Definition
Plants, bacteria, algae.
Term
An important byproduct of photosynthesis
Definition
Carbon dioxide/Oxygen/Water
Term
What is photosynthesis?
Definition
Conversion of light energy to chemical energy /providing O2, oxygen
Term
Examples of pathogenic spirochete species
Definition
*Lyme disease: Borrelia burgdorferi
*Syphilis: Treponema pallidum
Term
What are the metachromatic granules?
Definition
Inorganic compounds not enclosed by membranes. They stain contrasting color with methylene blue dye
Term
What is an example of a bacterial species that contain metachromatic granules?
Definition
Corynebacterium
Term
Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Definition
Term
What is a nucleoid
Definition
Bacteria has no nucleus. Central area of DNA cell
Term
Example of a bacterium with cocci in chain
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Term
Example of a bacterium with diplococcic
Definition
Neisseria gonorrhea
Term
What is the chemical composition of the bacterial cell wall?
Definition
Peptoglycan
Term
Example of bacteria with no cell wall
Definition
Mycoplasma
Term
What is the lipopolysaccharide / what part of it is the endotoxin
Definition
lipid and polysaccharide / lipid
Term
Bacterial structures that are found in all bacteria / and the ones that are not found in all bacteria
Definition
nucleoid / endospores
Term
What is the function of endospores
Definition
survival of bacteria thru dormancy if needed.DNA is left protected
Term
Properties of endospores
Definition
resistance to trauma/thick walls
Term
Which ones of the microorganisms have a cell wall and which ones do not?
Definition
Prokaryotic and some Eukaryotic
Term
Differences between gram positive and gram negative cell wall
Definition
Gram neg: has outer membrane to protect from antimicrobial agents.has (pores) porins.
Gram positive peptoglycan is thicker than gram neg. Contains lipoteichoic acid
Term
Layers of gram positive and gram negative cell wall
Definition
Gram positive wall has thicker PG; has TA and LTA (lipoteichoic acid).
Gram negative wall has porins, thinner PG, has outer membrane, No TA or LTA
Term
What are bacterial inclusions?
Definition
Storage nutrients in the cytoplasm. Also called granules
Term
What is the role of endospores
Definition
dormant resistant structures that are formed by some of the bacteria. When bacteria have no nutrients they form endospores. they germinate after obtaining nutrients
Term
What is sporulation
Definition
Bacteria forms spores/survival
Term
Names of different shapes and groupings in bacteria
Definition
Coccus (cocci): spherical-shaped
Bacillus (Bacilli): rod-shaped
Coccobacillus (coccobacilli): short plump rods
Spirillum (spirilla): spiral-shaped, with rigid curves
Spirochete: spiral-shaped, with flexible curves and internal flagella
Term
Examples of rod-shaped bacterium
Definition
(E. coli)
Term
Examples of curved bacterium
Definition
Vibrio cholerae
Term
Examples of staphylococci
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Term
Why Mycoplasma is pleomorphic
Definition
It has no cell wall so can change shape
Term
What is one way for a bacterium to acquire new genetic information?
Definition
Pilus
Term
Causative agents for tetanus
Definition
Clostridium tetani
Term
Causative agents for gas gangrene
Definition
Clostridium perfringens
Term
Causative agents for botulism
Definition
Clostridium botulinum
Term
Causative agents for anthrax
Definition
Bacillus anthracis
Term
Example of a pleomorphic bacterium
Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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