Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Typically Unilateral, can be bifrontal or global. Described as throbbing, aching, and varies in severity. These headaches peak in 1-2 hours but can last from 4-72 hours and are recurrent usually monthly but can be weekly. Associated symptoms: n/v, photophobia, visual auras flickering, motor auras, sensory auruas. ETOH and food can aggravate and is more common premenstrually. Relieved by silence,a dark room and sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually bilateral, and can be generalized or localized to back of the head, upper neck or frontotemporal area. Described as pressing or tightening pain; mild to moderate intensity. Onset is gradual and lasts minutes to days, and are recurrent and persistent. Associated symptoms: sometimes photophobia, phonophobia and there is NO nausea. Behaviors that worsen headache are sustained muscle tension (IE driving or typing.) Relieved by massage and relaxation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually unilateral, and behind or around the eye. Described as deep, continuous, severe that peaks within in minutes and lasts up to 3 hours. They are episodic and clustered within a day. Associated symptoms: lacrimation, rhinorrhea miosis, ptosis, eyelid edema, & conjunctival infection. Provoking factors include ETOH. |
|
|
Term
ANALGESIC REBOUND HEADACHE
2* |
|
Definition
| Headache due to withdrawal of medication. Will present in previous location pattern, severity and onset is variable. Factors that provoke are fever, CO, hypoxia, withdrawal of caffeine. Relieving factors depend on the cause. |
|
|
Term
HEADACHES DUE TO REFRACTION ERRORS
2* |
|
Definition
| Due to straining in farsightedness, and astigmatism, causing steady, aching, dull pain located around and over the eyes that may radiate to the occipital area. Onset is gradual, with duration variable; Associated symptoms: eye fatigue, "sandy" sensations in the eyes, reddness in the conjunctiva. Provoking factors include prolonged use of the eyes and relieved by rest of the eyes. |
|
|
Term
ACUTE GLAUCOMA HEADACHE
2* |
|
Definition
| A headache with abrupt onset that is steady, aching, and often severe, in and around the eye. Associated symptoms: diminished vision, sometimes n/v. Provoking factors include drops that dilate the pupils. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Headaches that are variable in onset, lasting days and described as aching or throbbing, variable in severity; sometimes similar to a migraine headache and is located above the eye or over the maxillary sinus. Associated symptoms: local tenderness, nasal congestion, discharge and fever. Provoking factors include coughing, sneezing, or jarring fo the head and is relieved by nasal decongestants and ABX. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Headache that is rapid in onset, and persistent in acute illness. Described as steady or throbbing, and very severe; location is generalized and associated symptoms include fever and stiff neck. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Headache that is abrupt, severe with prodromal sytmptoms and often described as "The worst headache of my life." Associated symptoms: n/v, possibly loss of consciousness, neck pain. |
|
|
Term
HEADACHE DUE TO BRAIN TUMOR
2* |
|
Definition
| Brief in duration that are intermittent and become progressive headaches that are achy, steady, and variable in intensity. Provoking factors include coughing, sneezing, or sudden movements of the head. |
|
|
Term
GIANT CELL (TEMPORAL) ARTERITIS HEADACHE
2* |
|
Definition
| Headache that is gradual or rapid in onset, and is recurrent or persistent over weeks to months. Described as throbbing, generalized, persistent and often severe and often assoicated with Polymyalgia rheumatica. Associated symptoms: tenderness of the scalp, fever, fatigue, weight loss, new headache, jaw claudication, visual loss or blindness. Provoking factors include movement of the neck and shoulders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Headaches that occur within hours to days of injury that are generalized, dull, aching and constant; episodes are similar to tension-type and migraine headaches w/o aura. Associated symptoms are poor concentration, problems with memory, vertigo, irritability, restlessness and fatigue. Aggravating factors are mental and physical exertion, straining, stooping, emotional excitement and ETOH. |
|
|
Term
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
(CN V) |
|
Definition
| Shock-like, stabbing, burning, possibly severe sensations in the cheek, jaws, lips or gums. Onset is abrupt, paroxysmal with each jab lasting seconds and may last for months and disappear and recur. It is uncommon at night. Associated symptoms: exhaustion from recurrent pain. Aggravating factors include touching certain areas of the lower face or mouth; chewing, talking, or brushing teeth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drooping of the upper lid, caused by myasthenia gravis, damage to the oculomotor nerve and damage to the sympathetic nerve supply (Horner's Syndrome.) Can also be caused by weight of herniated fat and can be congenital. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is more common in the elderly and is the inward turning of the lid margin. Lower lashes become invisible and irritate the conjunctiva and lower cornea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More common in the elderly, where the margin of the lower lid is turned outwards, exposing the palpebral conjunctiva, causing excessive tearing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wide-eyed stare, causing the rim of the sclera between the upper lid and the iris to increase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protrusion of the eyeball forward. Edema of the eyelids and conjunctival injection maybe associated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retracted lids and a lid lag often indicate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease often associated with bilateral or unilateral exopthalmos. |
|
|
Term
PINGUECULA
\piŋ-ˈgwek-yə-lə\ |
|
Definition
| Harmless yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris. Appears frequently with aging, first on the nasal and then on the temporal side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| localized ocular reddness from inflammation of the episcleral vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A painful, tender red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid. |
|
|
Term
CHALAZION
kə-ˈlā-zē-ən, -ˌän |
|
Definition
| Subacute nontender and usually painless nodule invovling a meibomian gland. It can become acutely inflamed and usually points inside the lid. |
|
|
Term
XANTHELASMA
\ˌzan-thə-ˈlaz-mə\ |
|
Definition
| slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed plaques that appear along the nasal portions of one or both eyelids. May accompany lipid disorders. |
|
|
Term
DACRYOCYSTITIS
dak-rio-cystitis |
|
Definition
| A swelling between the lower eyelid and nose. An acute inflammation is painful, red, and tender. Chronic inflammation is associated with obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. Tearing is prominent and there is regurgitation of material through the puncta of the eyelids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eye injections are diffuse with reddness that tends to be maximal peripherally. Patient describes as mild discomfort rather than pain. There are no vision changes, except for temporary mild blurring due to discharge. Ocular discharge is watery, mucoid or mucopurulent. Pupil and cornea are not affected. |
|
|
Term
| SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE |
|
Definition
| Homogenous, sharply demarcated, red area that fades over days to yellow on the sclera. There is no pain, no change in vision, discharge. Pupil and cornea are not affected. Can be due to trauma, bleeding disorders, or sudden increase in venous pressure (cough). |
|
|
Term
| CORNEAL INJURY OR INFECTION |
|
Definition
| Patient describes moderate to severe superficial pain of the eye. Vision is decreased, watery or purulent discharge. Pupil is spared, and commonly due to abrasions and other injuries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient describes moderate, aching deep pain of the eye. Vision is decreased, with NO discharge. Pupil may be small, and with time irregular. Cornea is clear or slightly clouded. Is associated with many ocular and systemic disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient describes severe, aching, deep pain of the eye. Vision is decreased, with no discharge and a dilated and fixed pupil. The cornea is steamy, cloudy and when acute is an emergency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A benign, thin grayish white arc or circle not quite at the edge of the cornea. Accompanies normal aging, but also seen in younger people especially African Americans and is suggestive of hyperlipoproteinemia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A superficial grayish white opacity in the cornea, secondary to an old injury or to inflammation. Size and shape are variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A triangular thickening of the blubar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side. Reddening may occur and may interfere with vision as it encroaches the pupil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opacities of the lens visible through the pupil and most common in old age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of cataract that looks gray when seen by a flashlight. If the pupil is widely dilated, the gray opacity is surrounded by a black rim. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cataract that produces spokelike shadows that point inward-gray against black, as seen with a flashlight. Or can appear black against red with an opathalmoscope. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A spinning sensation accompanied by nystagmus and ataxia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A near faint from "feeling faint or lightheaded"; causes include orthostatic hypotension, especially from medication, arrhythmias, and vasvagal attacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unsteadiness or imbalance when walking, especially in older patients. Causes include fear of walking, visual loss, weakness from MS problems and peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "dizziness" due to anxiety, panic disorder, hyperventilation, depression, somatization disorder, ETOH and substance abuse |
|
|
Term
BENIGN POSITIONAL VERTIGO
Peripheral vertigo |
|
Definition
| Vertigo that appears suddenly, especially when rolling onto affected side or tilting head up. The sensation lasts a few seconds to <1 minute, and may lasts weeks with a change of recurrence. Associated symptoms: sometimes n/v and nystagmus. There is no tinnitus and hearing is not affected. |
|
|
Term
VESTIBULAR NEURONITIS
(ACUTE LABRINTHITIS)
Peripheral Vertigo |
|
Definition
| Vertigo that is sudden and lasts for hours up to two weeks; can recur over a year. Tinnitus is absent and hearing is not affected. Associated symptoms: n/v & nystagmus. |
|
|
Term
MENIERE'S DISEASE
ˈmen-yərz-
Peripheral Vertigo |
|
Definition
| Vertigo that is sudden, lasting several hours >1 day and is reccurent. There is recurring sensorineural hearing loss with present and fluctuating tinnitus. Associated symptoms: Pressure or fullness in affected ear; N/V & nystagmus |
|
|
Term
DRUG TOXICITY INDUCED VERTIGO
Peripheral Vertigo |
|
Definition
| Vertigo that is insidious or acute- liked to loop diuretics, aminoglycosides, salicylates, ETOH. The sensation may not be reversible and hearing maybe impaired with some tinnitus. Associated symptoms: n/v |
|
|
Term
ACOUSTIC NEUROMA
Peripheral Vertigo |
|
Definition
| Vertigo that is due to CN VIII compression (vestibular branch) causing variable vertigo that may cause one sided impared hearing with tinnitus. Associated symptoms: may invovle CN V and CN VII. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vertigo that is due to atherosclerosis, Multiple scerlosis, vertbrobasilar migraine, TIA and onset may be variable but rarely continuous. Hearing is not affected and Tinnitus is not present. Associated symptoms: other brainstem deficits (dysarthria, ataxia, crossed motor and sensory deficits) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Round or "moon" face with red cheeks. Excessive hair growth (hirutism) in the mustache and side burn areas of the chin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The face is edematous and often pale. swelling usually appears around the eyes in the morning. The eyes may become slitlike when edema is severe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A patient with severe hypothyrodism has dull puff facies. The edema is pronounced around the eyes and does not pit with pressure. The hair and eyebrows are dry, coarse, and thinned. The skin is dry. |
|
|
Term
| PAROTID GLAND ENLARGEMENT FACIE |
|
Definition
| Swellings anterior to the ear lobes and above the angles of the jaw. If chronic bilateral asymptomatic enlargement, suggestive of obesity diabetes, cirrhosis and other conditions. Gradual unilateral enlargement = neoplasm; Acute unilateral enlargement = mumps. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The head is elongated, with bony prominence of the forehead, nose and lower jaw. Soft tissues of the nose, lips and ears also enlarge. The facial features appear generally coarsened. |
|
|
Term
| PARKINSON'S DISEASE FACIE |
|
Definition
| A mask-like face with a blunted expression, decreased blinking and a characteristic stare. The neck and upper trunk tend to flex forward, suggestive of the patient "peering" upward toward the observer. Facial skin may be oily, and drooling may occur. |
|
|
Term
ANISOCORIA
ˌan-ˌī-sō-ˈkōr-ē-ə |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TONIC PUPIL
(ADIE'S PUPIL) |
|
Definition
| Pupil is large, regular, and usually unilateral. Reaction to light is severly reduced and slowed, or even absent. Near reaction, is present but slow. DTRs are often decreased. |
|
|
Term
| OCULOMOTOR NERVE (CN III) PARALYSIS |
|
Definition
| Dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort. Ptosis of upper elid and lateral deviation of the eye are almost always present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The affected pupil is small, reacts briskly to light and near effort. Ptosis of the eyelid is present, perhaps with loss of sweating on the forehead. In the congenital form, the involved iris is lighter than its fellow. |
|
|
Term
ARGYLL ROBINSON PUPILS
(SMALL, IRREGULAR PUPILS) |
|
Definition
| Small, irregular pupils that accommodate but do no react to light. seen in central nervous system syphilis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Developmental dysconjugate gaze caused by an imbalance in ocular muscle tone, appearing early in childhood, where the both or one eye is turned inward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Developmental dysconjugate gaze caused by an imbalance in ocular muscle tone, appearing early in childhood, where the both or one eye is turned outward. |
|
|
Term
| LEFT CRANIAL NERVE VI PARALYSIS |
|
Definition
New onset dysconjugate gaze in adult life, where:
1)eyes are conjugate when looking to the right
2) Esotropia appears when looking straight ahead
3) Esotropia is at maximum when looking to left |
|
|
Term
| LEFT CRANIAL NERVE IV PARALYSIS |
|
Definition
| New onset dysconjugate gaze in adult life, where the left eye cannot look down when turned inward; deviation is maximum in this direction. |
|
|
Term
| LEFT CRANIAL NERVE III PARALYSIS |
|
Definition
| New onset dysconjugate gaze in adult life, where the upward, downward, and inward movements are impaired or lost. Ptosis and pupillary dilation maybe associated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small whitish depression in the optic disc, from which the retinal vessels appear to emerge. Appears usually centrally or towards the temporal side of the disc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Venous stasis leading to engorgement and swelling of the optic disc. It appears pink to hyperemic, often with loss of venous pulsations. Disc vessels are more visible, numberous and curve over the borders of the disc. The disc is swollen with blurred margins. There is no physiological cup. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The physiological cup is enlarged, occupying > 1/2 the disc's diameter, at times extending to the edge of the disc. Retinal vessels sink in and under it and maybe displaced nasally. The base of the enlarged cup is pale. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The color of the optic disc is white and the tiny disc vessels are absent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon where arteries close to the optic disc, become full and somewhat tortuous and develop an increased light reflex with a bright coppery luster. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon where a portion of a narrowed artery in the eye, develops such an opaque wall that no blood is visible within it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When arterial walls of the retina loose their transparency, causing veins to appear to stop abruptly on either side of an artery. Commonly associated with diabetes and HTN. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When arterial walls of the retina loose their transparency, causing veins to appear to taper down on either side of the artery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When arterial walls of the retina loose their transparency, causing veins to appear twisted on the distal side of the artery and forms a dark, wide knuckle. |
|
|
Term
| SUPERFICIAL RETINAL HEMORRHAGES |
|
Definition
| Small, linear, flame-shaped, red streaks in the fundi, shaped by the bundles of nerve fibers that radiate from the optic disc. Sometimes they occur in clusters, and can be defined by the linear streaking at the edges. They are commonly seen in HTN, papilledema, and occlusion of the retinal vein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The develops when blood escapes into the potential space between the retina and vitreous. This type of hemorrhage is larger than retinal hemorrhages and can obscure any underlying retinal vessels. In an erect patient, red cells settle, creating a horizontal line of demarcation. Causes include a sudden increase in intracranial pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots that are sometimes called a dot or blot hemorrhage. Diabetes is the most common cause. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tiny, round, red spots seen commonly but not exclusively in and around the macular area. They are minute dilatations of very small retinal vessels. These are commonly due to diabetic retinopathy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formation of new blood vessels in the fundi. They are more nmerouse in the area, and form disorderly looking red arcades. The most common cause is late, proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy. The vessels may grow into the vitreous, where retinal detachment or hemorrhage may cause loss of vision. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marked ateriolar-venous crossing changes are seen. Copper wiring of the arterioles is present. |
|
|
Term
NONPROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY
(moderately severe) |
|
Definition
| Microaneurysms, and hard exudates are present in the fundi. Retinal thickening or edema around the area of the hard exudates impair visual acuity if it extends into the center of the macula. This is suggestive of what stage of diabetic retinopathy? |
|
|
Term
NONPROLIEFERATIVE RETINOPATHY
(severe) |
|
Definition
| Large retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool patches, with beading of the retinal vein and tiny tortuous retinal vessels may be present in the fundi. This is suggestive of what stage in diabetic retionpathy? |
|
|
Term
| PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY W/ NEOVASCULARIZATION |
|
Definition
| Presence of preretinal vessels. Risk for visual loss is high in this diabetic retinopathy. |
|
|
Term
PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY
(Advanced) |
|
Definition
| Neovascularization is increased, with fibrous proliferations in the fundi, distortion of the macula, and reduced visual acuity. What stage of diabetic retinopathy is this? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soft exudates that are white or grayish, ovoid lesions with irregular "soft" borders in the fundi. They are moderate in size but usually smaller than the disc. They result from infarcted nerve fibers and are seen in HTN and other conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They are creamy or yellowish, often bright lesions with well-defined "hard" borders present in the fundi. They are small and round but may coalesce into larger irregular spots. They often occur in clusters or in circular, linear, or star-shaped patterns. Causes include diabetes and HTN. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They are yellowish round spots that vary from tiny to small in the fundi. The edges may be soft, or hard. They are haphazardly distributed but may concnetrate at the posterior pole. They appear with normal again but all may accompany age-related macular degeneration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation that destroys the superficial tissues, revealing well-defined, irregular patches of white sclera marked with dark pigment. Sizes vary from small to very large. IN this description, the cause is Toxoplasmosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A firm, nodular, hypertrophic mass of scar tissue extending beyond the area of injury. It is most common on the shoulders and upper chest, and more common in darker-skinned people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It appears as hard nodules in the helix or antihelix and may discharge chalky white crystals through the skin. It can appear in joints, hands, feet, and other areas. It usually develops after chronic sustained high blood levels of uric acid. |
|
|
Term
CUTANEOUS CYST
(sebaceous cyst) |
|
Definition
| A dome-shaped lump in the dermis forms a benign closed firm sac attached to the epidermis. Can appear on the face/neck (epidermoid) or in scalp (trichilemmal). They can become inflammed. |
|
|
Term
| CHONDRODERMATITIS HELICIS |
|
Definition
| Chronic inflammatory lesion that starts as a painful, tender papule on the helx or antihelix. There maybe ulceration and crusting with reddening. BX is needed to r/o carcinoma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Raised nodule, with lustrous surface and telangiectatic vessels. Is a common slow growing malignancy that rarely metastasizes. Are more frequent in fair skinned people overexposed to sunlight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic inflammatory disease, where small lumps on the helix or antihelix and additional nodules elsewhere on the hands, surface of the ulna, knees and heels present. Ulceration may result from repeated injuries. These nodules may precede arthritis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tympanic membrane is pinkish gray, with the malleus behind the upper part of the drum. Above the short process lies the pars flaccida. The remainder of the ear drum is the pars tensa. From the umbo, the cone of light fans anteriorly and downward. Posterior to the malleus, part of the incus is visible behind the drum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Holes in the ear drum usually due to purulent infections of the middle ear, which can cause scarring; in addition, no landmarks are visible. Can occur within the margin of the drum (central) or involve the margin (marginal). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large, chalky white patch with irregular margins in the ear drum. Caused by a deposition of hyaline material within the layers of the tympanic membrane that follows a severe episode of otitis media. It does not impair hearing and is seldom clinically significant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ear drum that is pulled medially, away from the examiner's eye, and the malleolar folds are tightened into sharp outlines. The short process often protrudes sharply and the handle of the malleus, pulled inward at the umbo looks foreshortened and more horizontal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amber fluid behind the ear drum; a fluid level, can be seen on either side of the short process. Air bubbles may be present. Can be due to URI or changes in atmospheric pressures (IE flying or diving) Associated symptoms: fullness and popping sensations, mild conduction hearing loss and perhaps some pain. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA WITH PURULENT EFFUSION |
|
Definition
| Ear drum is bulging, and most landmarks are obscured. A diffuse reddness of the entire drum often dvelops. Spontaneous perforation of the drum may follow, with discharge of purulent material into the ear canal. Commonly due to bacterial infection and occurs in younger children. Hearing loss is of the conductive type. |
|
|
Term
BULLOUS MYRINGITIS
ˌmir-ən-ˈjīt-əs\ |
|
Definition
| The drum is reddened, and its landmarks are obscured. Painful hemorrhagic vesicles are discernible on the TM, ear canal or both. Most commonly due to a viral infection. Associated symptoms: earache, blood-tinged discharge, conductive hearing loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ear disorder that onsets in childhood to young adulthood, commonly due to impaired sound transmission such as foreign body, otitis media, perforated ear drum and ostosclerosis of the ossicles. In weber test, sound lateralizes to impaired ear and in Rinne test, bone conduction is longer than or equal to air conduction. Other associated findings: hearing improves in noisy environment and voice becomes soft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ear disorder that onsets middle to later years, commonly due to neuronal transmission dysfunction such as loud noise exposure, inner ear infections, trauma, tremors, congenital and familial disorders, and aging. In Weber test, lateralizes to good ear and in rinne test, air conduction is longer than bone conduction. Other associated findings: hearing worsens in noisy environement, and voice may be loud because hearing is difficult. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Softening of the skin at the angles of the mouth, followed by fissuring. It may be due to nutritional deficiency or more commonly due to overclosure of the mouth as in people with no teeth or ill-fitting dentures. Can lead to secondary infection with Candida |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scaly, somewhat thickened and slightly everted lip. Lips loose their normal redness and is due to excessive exposure to sunlight and affects primarily the lower lip. |
|
|
Term
HERPES SIMPLEX
(cold sores, fever blisters) |
|
Definition
| Recurrent and painful clusters of vesicular eruptions of the lips and surrounding skin. As they break, yellow-brown crusts form, and healing ensues within 10 to 14 days. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffuse, nonpitting, tense swelling of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It develops rapidly, and typically disappear over subsequent hours to days. It is commonly due to allergic reaction. |
|
|
Term
HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA
ˌtel-ˌan-jē-ˌek-ˈtā-zh(ē-)ə |
|
Definition
| Multiple small red spots on the lips, face, and hands. The spots are dilated capillaries and may bleed when traumatized. Affected people often have nosebleeds and GI bleeding. |
|
|
Term
PEUTZ JEGHERS
ˈpə(r)ts-ˈjā-gərz- |
|
Definition
| Pigmented spots on the lips that are more prominent than freckling of the surrounding skin. Pigment in the buccal mucosa, face and hands help to dx. Multiple intestinal polyps may be associated. |
|
|
Term
CHANCRE OF SYPHILLIS
shaŋ-kər |
|
Definition
| Firm, button-like lesion that ulcerates and may become crusted and that my appear on the lip rather than on the genital. It is highly contagious and is sometimes mistaken for a carcinoma or cold sore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A scaly plaque, as an ulcer with or without a crust, or as a nodular lesion commonly on the lower lip. Fair skin and prolonged exposure to the sun are common risk factors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red throat that has a white exudate on the tonsils. Fever with anterior enlarged cervical nodes suggests group A strep infection, while fever and posterior cervical lymph nodes are suggested in infectious monoucleosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complains of a sore or "scratchy" throat, with diffuse reddness of the pillars and uvula that ranges in severity. Most commonly associated with group A strep or Epstein Barr Virus. Fever, exudate or enlargement of cervical lymph nodes are suggestive of other etiology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rare condition, where throat is dull red, and a gray exudate is present on the uvula, pharynx and tongue. The airway may become obstructed. It is most commonly due to Corynebacterium diptheriae and prompt diagnosis is needed to start treatment immediately. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thick, white plaques are that are somewhat adherent to the underlying mucosa. Due to candida and associated with ABX/Corticosteroid tx and AIDS. |
|
|
Term
KAPOSI'S SARCOMA IN AIDS
kə-ˈpō-, -sēz-\ |
|
Definition
| Deep purple lesions that maybe raised or flat in the palate or elsewhere in the oropharnyx. Commonly associated with AIDS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Midline bony growth in the hard palate that is fairly common in adults. Size and lobulation vary and is harmless. |
|
|
Term
FORDYCE SPOTS
(Fordyce Granules)
ˈfȯr-ˌdīs-əz-\ (four dices) |
|
Definition
| Normal sebacious glands of the mouth that appear as small yellowish spots in the buccal mucosa or on the lips. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small white specks that resemble grains of salt on a red background, that are a first sign of measles. They are usually found on the buccal mucosa near the first and second molars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small red spots that result when blood escape from capillaries into tissues. When present in the buccal membrane, the are typically due to trauma (biting the cheek) or infection, decreased, platelets, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A thickened white patch in the oral mucosa. Most commonly associated with a long history of a local irritant (chewing tobacco) and may lead to cancer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gingival margins are reddened and swollen, and the interdental papilae are blunted, swollen, and red. This is common in teenagers and young adults. Brushing may cause gums to bleed. |
|
|
Term
| ACUTE NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS |
|
Definition
| Acute onset in adolescents and young adults with ulcers that develop in the interdental papillae, with a destructive process that spreads along the gum margins, with a grayish pseudomembrane. Gums are red, painful and bleed easily; breath is foul. Associated symptoms: fever, malaise, and enlarged lymph nodes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gums are swollen into heaped-up masses that may even cover the teeth. The redness of inflammation may coexist. Causes include dilantin, puberty, pregnancy and leukemia. |
|
|
Term
PREGNANCY TUMOR
(Epulis [ə-ˈpyü-ləs], Pyogenic Granuloma) |
|
Definition
| Gingival enlargement maybe localized, forming a tumorlike mass that orginates in the interdental papilla. It is red and soft and usually bleeds easily. 1% incidence in pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
| ATTRITION OF TEETH; RECESSION OF GUMS |
|
Definition
| Yellow brown dentin becomes exposed due to repetitive use; common in elderly. In addition, there may be an exposure of the roots of the teeth giving a "long in tooth " appearance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destruction of the enamel from the lingual surfaces, exposing yellow-brown dentin. Commonly caused by recurrent regurgitation of stomach content as in bulimia. |
|
|
Term
| ABRASION OF TEETH WITH NOTCHING |
|
Definition
| The biting surface of the teeth may become abraded by recurrent trauma, such as holding nails or opening bobby pins between teeth. The sides of the teeth show normal contours; size and spacing of the teeth are unaffected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Teeth are smaller and more widely spread out than normal and abraded on their biting surfaces. The sides of the teeth taper toward the biting edges. The upper central incisors are most affected; these teeth are a sign of congenital syphilis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The dorsum of the tongue shows scattered smooth red areas denuded of papillae. Together with normal rough and coated areas, they give a maplike pattern that changes over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yellowish or brown or black elongated papillae on the tongue's dorsum. Is benign and is common to ABX tx or may occur spontaneously. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sometimes called scrotal tongue; appears with increasing age and is benign. |
|
|
Term
ATROPHIC GLOSSITIS
(smooth tongue) |
|
Definition
| A smooth and sore tongue that has lots its papillae. Commonly associated with riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, or iron deficiencies or treatment with chemotherapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A thick white coating that can show a raw red surface when scraped off. Infection may occur without the white coating and is commonly due to Candida and in immunosuppressed conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Whitish raised areas with a feathery or corrugated pattern most often affect the sides of the tongue. These cannot be scraped off and are seen in HIV and in AIDS. |
|
|
Term
| VARICOSE VEINS IN THE TONGUE |
|
Definition
| Small purplish or blue-black round swellings appear under the tongue with age. They are benign. |
|
|
Term
APTHTHOUS ULCERS
(canker sore) |
|
Definition
| A painfule, round or oval ulcer that is white or yellowish gray and surrounded by a halo of reddened mucosa. It may be single or multiple. It heals in 7-10 dyas and may recur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painless lesion that is raised, oval and covered by a grayish membrane. It maybe multiple and occur elsewhere in the mouth. |
|
|
Term
| LEUKOPLAKIA UNDER THE TONGUE |
|
Definition
| Persisting painless white patches in the oral mucosa, giving the undersurface of the tongue the appearance of "painted white." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rounded bony growths on the inner surfaces of the mandible are typically bilateral, asymptomatic, and harmless. |
|
|
Term
| CARCINOMA OF THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH |
|
Definition
| Ulcerated lesion, that is reddened (erythroplakia) is suggestive of malignancy and commonly presents in the floor of the mouth. |
|
|
Term
| DIFFUSE THYROID ENLARGEMENT |
|
Definition
| Enlargement of the isthmus and lateral lobes; there are no discretly palpable nodules. Causes include Grave's, Hashimoto and endemic goiter. |
|
|
Term
| SINGLE NODULE OF THE THYROID |
|
Definition
| Risk factors are prior irradiation, fixation to surrounding tissues, enlarged cervical nodes, and occurrence in males. What is the common suspected thyroid nodule type? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enlarged thyroid with two or more nodules, suggestive of a familial underlying metabolic process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Associated symptoms: Nervousness, weight loss despite increased appetite, palpitations, and frequent bowel movements.
Associated signs: warm, smooth, moist skin, increased systolic and decreased diastolic BP, tachycardia or A-fib. IF Graves = lid lag, eye stare, and exopthalmos. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Associated symptoms: fatigue, lethargy, modest weight gain with anorexia, cold intolerance, constipation. Associated signs: dry, coarse, cool skin, sometimes yellowish from carotene, with nonpitting edema and loss of hair. Decreased Systolic and increased diastolic BP, bradycardia and may have impaired memory. |
|
|
