Term
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Definition
-Main part of a vertebra of tetrapods and many fishes, is the spool-like body, which is under the spinal cord, where it surrounds, restricts, or replaces the notochord.
-May have one or two elements. |
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Definition
| If the centrum has 2 elements (Many extinct amphibians, few amniotes), then this is what the more anterior centrum element is called. |
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Definition
| If the centrum has 2 elements (Many extinct amphibians, few amniotes), then this is what the more posterior centrum element is called. |
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Definition
| Pillars that flank the spinal cord, extend dorsally from the centrum, one on each side of spinal cord, join above to complete the neural arch. |
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Definition
-May extend the summit (the top) of the neural arch.
-related to muscles that move the axial skeleton. |
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Definition
| extends ventrally from the centrum to surround blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the tail, the hemal arch may be continued by a ... |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| zygapophyses =(joining + processes) |
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Definition
| Processes carried by the neural arches |
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Term
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Definition
-on the anterior aspect of one vertebra articulate with the postzygapophyses on the posterior aspect of its neighbor.
-face upward or inward |
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Term
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Definition
-on the posterior aspect of ne vertebra articulate with the prezygapophyses on the anterior aspect of its neighbor.
-face downward or outward |
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Term
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Definition
| nearly all vertebrae of snakes, and posterior trunk vertebrae of armadillos and sloths, because they are stiffened by having a doubling of zygapophyses. |
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Term
| amphicoelous (=on both sides + hollow) |
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Definition
if each surface of the centrum is concave
-only touch at the periphery of the IV joint
-limited motion in any direction.
-w/i joint is a spaces filled by CT, cartilage, or remnants of the notochord. |
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Term
| procoelous =(front + hollow) |
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Definition
Centra that are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly.
--joints btw opisthocoelous or procoelous verebrae allow motion in any direction and they resist dislocation.
-The bulge of one vertebra fitting into the hollow of the next. |
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Term
| opisthocoelous (=behind + hollow) |
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Definition
A centrum that is concave posteriorly and convex anteriorly.
--joints btw opisthocoelous or procoelous verebrae allow motion in any direction and they resist dislocation. |
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Term
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Definition
centra with flat ends
-withstand compression
-limit motion (unless IV joints are provided w/ thick fibrous discs) |
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Term
| heterocoelous (= different + hollow) |
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Definition
centra with saddle-shaped ends.
-allow vertical and lateral flexion but
-prevent rotation around the axis of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
cells move adjacent to the notochord to form a continous tube
-direct ossifications in the tube form centra, which become separated when breaks appear in cartilaginous parts of the tube. |
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