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| Phase of cellular respiration that requires oxygen. |
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| Growing or metabolizing in the absence of oxygen. |
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| Metabolic process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones; catabolic metabolism. |
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| Metabolic reactions that use the energy from carbohydrate, fatty acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP molecules. |
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| Cycle of reactions in mitochondria that begins with citric acid. This cycle breaks down an acetyl group and produces CO2, 3 ATP, NADH, and FADH2. |
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| Any of several iron-containing protein molecules that are members of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. |
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| Removal of an amino group (—NH2) from an amino acid or other organic compound. |
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| electron transport chain (ETC) |
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| Passage of electrons along a series of membrane-bound electron carrier molecules from a higher to lower energy level; the energy released is used for the synthesis of ATP through oxidation phosphorylation. Located in the cristae. |
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| Flavin adenine dinucleotide; a coenzyme of oxidation-reduction that becomes FADH2 as oxidation of substrates occurs, and then delivers electrons to the electron transport chain in mitochondria during cellular respiration. |
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| Anaerobic breakdown of glucose that results in a gain of two ATP and end products such as alcohol (lethal to cells that make it) and lactate (produced by animal cells). |
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| Anaerobic breakdown of glucose that results in a gain of two ATP (produced by substrate-level phosphorylation) and the end product 2 pyruvate.Occurs in the cytosol. |
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| Metabolites that are the products of and/or the substrates for key reactions in cells, allowing one type of molecule to be changed into another type, such as carbohydrates converted to fats. |
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| Membrane-bounded organelle in which ATP molecules are produced during the process of cellular respiration. |
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| Coenzyme of oxidation-reduction that accepts electrons and hydrogen ions to become NADH _ H_ as oxidation of substrates occurs. During cellular respiration, NADH carries electrons to the electron transport chain in mitochondria. |
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| Amount of oxygen required to oxidize lactic acid produced anaerobically during strenuous muscle activity. |
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| preparatory (prep) reaction |
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| Reaction that oxidizes pyruvate with the release of carbon dioxide; results in acetyl CoA and connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. |
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| End product of glycolysis; its further fate, involving fermentation or entry into a mitochondrion, depends on oxygen availability. |
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| If oxygen is not available _____ follows glycolysis. |
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| When electrons are removed from pyruvate in the transition reaction, they are accepted by _____. |
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| Plant made amino acids that humans need. |
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| A poison which inhibits the activity of cytochrome oxidase will result in |
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