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| activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten |
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| the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experience |
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| the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study or practice (i.e. cramming) |
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| our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
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| memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices |
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| method of loci (class only) |
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| remembering lists of things based on how each item is related to certain loci (plural of locus, means “place” in Latin) (his example was roving around the room listing things related to where he was in the room) |
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| organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically, When you use "chunking" to remember, you decrease the number of items you are holding in memory by increasing the size of each item. In remembering the number string 64831996, you could try to remember each number individually, or you could try thinking about the string as 64 83 19 96 (creating "chunks" of numbers) |
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| a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photograph or picture-an image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
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| a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli, if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
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| the magical number seven (plus or minus two) |
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| People can remember 7 “chunks” of information, plus or minus two. |
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| long-term potentiation (synaptic memory) |
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| an increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory |
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| a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
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a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage; damage to the left side results in trouble remembering verbal information, but not visual designs and locations (vice versa w/ right side)
left = verbal info right = visual design/locations |
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| also known as the isolation effect; an item that stands out is more likely to remembered; an item that “stands out like a sore thumb” is more likely to be remembered (highlighting) |
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| the smallest unit of information, does this have anything to do with the chalk experiment thing? Yes. That was a binary search. It shows how much information can be determined from a single bit. |
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| retrieve info learned earlier (fill in the blank) |
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| only identify items previously learned (multiple choice) |
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| what we learn in one state--be it drunk or sober--may be more easily recalled when we are again in that state. (what people learn drunk they don’t recall well in any state; however, they recall it slightly better when drunk again. Someone who hides money when drunk may forget the location until drunk again) |
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| the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood |
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| we store in long-term memory what’s important to us or what we’ve rehearsed. But sometimes even stored information cannot be accessed, which leads to forgetting. |
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the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
something learned earlier messes with a thing that’s learned later |
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| the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
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| children’s misinformation effect |
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| incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event |
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| children’s eyewitness recall |
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| when interviewers give suggestive techniques, children are likely to produce inaccurate recall |
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| the reconstructive property of memory |
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| when your brain fills in the gaps of information you don't completely recall right away; it goes "reconstructing" little by little |
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| Loss of memory of events that occurred before the onset of amnesia (when you get into an accident- the memory comes back??) Yes the memory comes back but there’s a time period right before the accident where nothing can be remembered. |
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| loss of memory of events that occurred after the onset of amnesia (not orderly in how the memory comes back- there are a lot of gaps); new events cannot be stored |
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