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Ch8 and 9 voc
Thinking and Intelligence
33
Psychology
12th Grade
03/23/2011

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Term
Thinking
Definition
Mental activity that is involved in the understanding process and Communicating of information
Term
Concept
Definition
a mental group of objects, even or new ideas that have little similar characteristics much like thinking involves categorizing new items and manipulating and the relationships among them
Term
Algorithm
Definition
Will will a problem-solving strategy that eventually leads to a solution.
Term
differnce reduction
Definition
A problem-solving method that involved reducing the difference between the present situation and the desired one
Term
Incubation effect
Definition
The tendency to arrive at a solution after a period of time away from the problem
Term
Functional fixedness
Definition
A barrier to problem-solving that involves a tendency to think of objects only in terms of their common uses
Term
divergent thinking
Definition
A thought process that attempt to generate multiple situations to a problem.
Term
Deductive reasoning
(common sense)
Definition
A form of thinking in which conclusions are inferred from premises
Term
Confirmation bias
Definition
The tendency to look for information that confirms one Preconeived notons.
Term
Availability Heuristic
Definition
The tendency to make decisions based on the information that is available in one's intermediate conscience
Term
Framing effect
Definition
The influence of wording, or the way in which information is presented,on decision making
Term
Symbols
Definition
And object or act that stands for something else
Term
prototypes
Definition
And original model on which others in the same category are patterned.
Term
Heuristics
Definition
A strategy for for making judgments and solving problems
Term
Means-End Analysis
Definition
a heuristic device in which a solution to a problem is found by evluating the difference between the current situation and the goal,
Term
Convergent Thinking
Definition
thinking that is limited to available facts.
Term
Divergent Thinking
Definition
a thought process that attempts to generate multiple solutions to a problem.
Term
Reasoning
Definition
the process of drawing locical conclusions from facts and arguments
Term
Inductive Resoning
Definition
a form of thinking that involves using individual cases or particular facts to reach a general conclusion .
Term
Mental set
Definition
the tendency to approach a new problem in a way that has been successful in the past
Term
Representativeness Heuristic
Definition
The process of making decisions about a sample according to the population that the sample appears to represent.
Term
Anchoring Heuristic
Definition
The process of making decisions based on certain ideas are standards held by the decision-maker
Term
Achievement
Definition
Knowledge and skills gained from experience and education
Term
mental age
Definition
The level of intellectual functioning which is compared to chronological age to give an IQ
Term
Transformed score
Definition
A score that has been changed from a raw score in a systematic way
Term
Test-retest readability
Definition
A method for determining the readability test by comparing a testtakers for on the same test taken on separate occasions
Term
Mental Retardation
Definition
Intellectual functioning and that is below average as indicated by an intelligent score at or below the 70.
Term
Heritability
Definition
The proportion of varying among individuals that can be attributed to genes.
Term
Intelligence
Definition
That capability to learn from experience solve problems, and adapt to a changing environment
Term
Intelligence Quotient
Definition
The ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100; the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100
Term
Reliability
Definition
The extent to which a test yields consistent results.
Term
Validity
Definition
The extent to which a test measure is what it is supposed to measure.
Term
Gifted
Definition
A term used to describe children with IQ scores above 130 or children with outstanding talents performing at much higher levels than others of the same age and background
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