Term
Plankton Classification
(2) |
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Definition
Zooplankton (animal plankton)
Phytoplankton (plant plankton/includes cyanobacteria) |
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Term
Marine Bacteria and Archaea
(3) |
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Definition
Includes cyanobacteria
Huge #'s, minimal biomass
Important in N2 cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Marine Bacteria and Archaea
Kingdom Protists
Kingdom Animalia |
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Term
Different Phytoplankton
(5) |
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Definition
Chrysophyta are very diverse
Diatoms are most abundant (especially at high latitudes)
Silicoflagellates
Coccolithophores
Cryptomonads
Dinoflagellates |
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Term
Phytoplankton Diatom Reproduction
(3) |
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Definition
Unique reproduction (due to presence of external test and its geometry)
Asexual for larger cells
Sexual used to re-establish cell size |
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Term
Phytoplankton Dinoflagellates
(2) |
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Definition
Very abundant (especially lower latitudes/mid latitudes in late summer)
Bioluminescent |
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Term
Zooplankton (Protistan Representatives)
(2) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Copepods (arthropoda)
Krill (arthropoda)
Pteropod (mollusca)
Polychaetes (annelida) |
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Term
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Definition
Arrow Worms
Exclusively marine
Top planktonic predator
Eat copepods/sm fishes
Up to 12 cm in length |
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Term
Gelatinous Zooplankton (animals)
(4) |
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Definition
Cnidarians (inc. siphonophores)
Larvaceans (chordata)
Salps (chordata)
Ctenophores |
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Term
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Definition
Comb Jellies
Very delicate/difficult to sample (true for other jelly-like plankton)
8 ciliated plates (unique to this group/locomotion and food capture)
Predatory/ some w/tentacles
Some bioluminescent |
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Term
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Definition
Subphylum Urochordata
Class Thaliacea
Class Appendicularia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Larvaeceans
Planktonic
Epipelagic in tropics
Feed on very small particles (down to 1 micron in size) |
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Term
Classification by Size
(5) |
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Definition
Wide range of sizes (0.02 um - 200 cm)
Pico and femto (bacteria and microflagellates/very tiny)
Nano (mostly phytoplankton)
Micro (phyto and zooplankton)
Macro, mega, and meso (zooplankton) |
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Term
Limitations of Plankton Net Sampling
(4) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Includes sargassum (large phytoplankton) |
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Term
Permanent vs Temporary Plankton
(2) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Plankton for entire life cycle
Ex. copepods, chaetognaths, ctenophores |
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Term
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Definition
Only part of life cycle as plankton
Huge diversity of larvae (many from benthic inverts)
Ex. arthropods, echinoderms, annelids, molluscs, fish larvae |
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Term
Why is staying in the water column important?
(2) |
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Definition
Phytoplankton: need light
Zooplankton: stay near food at the surface |
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Term
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Definition
Gas floats
Store lipids less dense than seawater
Body fluids less dense than seawater
Increase surface = increase resistance
Also active swimming
Defense |
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Term
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Definition
Neuston
Siphonophores (use CO gas!)
Radiolarians |
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Term
Store lipids less dense than seawater
(3) |
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Definition
Copepods
Diatoms
Coccolithopores |
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Term
Body fluids less dense than seawater
(5) |
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Definition
Selective ion exchange
Also lack heavy body parts
Salps
Ctenophores
Dinoflagellates |
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Term
Increase surface = increase resistance
(5) |
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Definition
Slows rate of sinking
Via long spines/fins/plates
Dinoflagellates/coccolithophores/copepods
Larvae
Forams/rediolarians/chaetognaths |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Small size
Transparency
Bioluminescense
Toxicity
Spines and projections |
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