Term
| Photosynthesis utilizes __________ |
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Definition
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| What light is only minimally absorbed by chlorophylls a and b? |
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| The importance of photosynthesis is that photosynthetic organisms produce ____ for the biosphere. |
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| The reactants of photosynthesis include solar energy, H20, & CO2 but NOT... |
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Definition
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| The oxygen given off by photosynthesis comes from ___________ |
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Definition
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| C4 plants fix CO2 to _____. |
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Definition
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| The six-carbon molecule resulting from carbon-dioxide fixation immediately breaks down to form __________. |
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Definition
| 2, three-carbon PGA molecules |
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Term
| Light independent (dark) reactions see a reduction in... |
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Definition
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Term
| CO2 fixation occurs when CO2 combines with _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A plant can use PGAL to make _____. |
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Definition
| Sucrose, oils, & cellulose |
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Term
| The energy and electrons needed for the reduction synthesis are supplied by _____. |
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Definition
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| The light-dependent reactions take place in the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The plant pigments, ________, absorb light in the violet-blue-green range and therefore appear shades of yellow and orange. |
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Definition
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| Photosynthetic pigments capture _____ of the solar energy that reaches the earth. |
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Definition
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| About 20-50% of the protein content in chloroplasts is _____ which speeds up CO2 fixation. |
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Definition
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| Five molecules of PGAL are used to produce _____ so that the Calvin cycle can continue. |
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Definition
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| In a C4 plant, the __________ cells contain chloroplasts. |
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Definition
| bundle sheath and mesophyll |
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Term
| C4 plants like corn and crabgrass grow better when conditions are _________. |
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Definition
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| NOT a product of light dependent reactions? |
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Definition
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Definition
| Pattern of absorption when pigments take up various wave lengths of light. |
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Definition
| Complex of proteins in the cristae of mitochondria and thylakoid membrane of chloroplast that produces ATP as hydrogen flows down a concentration gradient. |
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Definition
| Organism that can capture energy and synthesize organic molecules from inorganic nutrients. |
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Definition
| Portion of photosynthesis that takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts and can occur in the dark; it uses the products of the light reactions to reduce CO2 to a carbohydrate. |
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Definition
| Plant that fixes carbon dioxide via the Calvin cycle; the first stable product of C3 photosynthesis is a 3-carbon compound. |
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Definition
| Plant that fixes carbon dioxide to produce a C4 molecule that releases carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle. |
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Term
| carbon dioxide (CO) fixation |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic reaction in which carbon dioxide is attached to an organic compound. |
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Definition
| Process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts use the energy of an electron transport chain to create a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation. |
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Definition
| Green pigment that absorbs solar energy and is important in algal and land plant photosynthesis; occurs as chlorophyll a and chlorophyll. |
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Definition
| Membrane-bounded organelle in algae and land plants with chlorophyll-containing membranous thylakoids; where photosynthesis takes place. |
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Definition
| Stack of chlorophyll-containing thylakoids in a chloroplast. |
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Definition
| Organism that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic substances and therefore must take in organic food. |
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Definition
| Portion of photosynthesis that captures solar energy and takes place in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts; it produces ATP and NADPH. |
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Definition
| Series of reactions that occurs in plants when carbon dioxide levels are depleted but oxygen continues to accumulate, and the enzyme RuBP carboxylase fixes oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. |
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Definition
| Process occurring usually within chloroplasts whereby chlorophyll-containing organelles trap solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrate. |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic unit where solar energy is absorbed and high-energy electrons are generated; contains a pigment complex and an electron acceptor; occurs as PS (photosystem) I and PS II. |
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Definition
| An enzyme that starts the Calvin cycle reactions by catalyzing attachment of the carbon atom from CO2 to RuBP. |
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Definition
| Small opening between two guard cells on the underside of leaf epidermis through which gases pass. |
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Definition
| Fluid within a chloroplast that contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis. |
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Definition
| Flattened sac within a granum whose membrane contains chlorophyll and where the light reactions of photosynthesis occur. |
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