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| -The focus on the study of higher mental processes, including thinking,language,memeory,problem solving,reasoning,judging an decision making |
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-The manipulation of mental representation of information.
-manipulating and transforming infomation in memory. |
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Term
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGIST
CONGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST |
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Definition
-Pychologist that study Cognition
-Mental activities associated with knowing,remembering,deciding,judging and communicating are samples of topics studied by the psychologist. |
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-Representations in the mind that resemble the object or event being represented.
-=internal,picture like representations (things or events) |
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-Representations in the mind that resemble the object or event being represented.
-NOT JUST VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS.
*EX:a basketball player in training uses mental images!
-=internal,picture like representations (things or events) |
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| -may take form of a word, a visual image, a sound or any other type of sensory data stored in memory. |
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| * thinking transforms a specific representation of info into new and different forms, allowing us to answer questions,solve problems, and reach goals. |
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-know that organization helps in the mental imagining.
-speed, often less cumersome than verbal (mental images) |
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-know that mental maps helps in the mental imagining.
-help find things |
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-Categorizations of objects,events, or people that share common properties.
- equal ideas that represent a group of similar objects,events or ideas.
*CATEGORIES EX: chairs or cat...groups or ideas that are related. |
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-Typical, highly representative examples of concepts.
EX: Dog, what do you think of? |
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| WHY DO WE DEVELOPE CONCEPTS? |
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Definition
-helps with new data- where it fits?
Formal-by definition
Natural- by PROTOTYPE (typical example) (like the tree example Dr. Scartelli used in class)
*Note important features-use to compare
*Speeds sorting into categories
*Speeds up/ guides problem solving |
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-Thinking and behaving in wat to reach a goal.
-identify goals and steps needed to get there
*show transparencey |
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-Are one of the techniques we use in PROBLEMS SOLVING METHODS->THAT HELP
-Systemantic
-A rule that, if applied appropriately, guarantees a solution to a problem
-step by step procedure that GUARNATEE A SOLUTION (can be labor intensive)
EX: Formulas to math problems |
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Term
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Definition
-Are one of the techniques we use in PROBLEMS SOLVING METHODS->THAT HELP
-A cogitive shortcut that may lead to a solution(shortcuts based on past success)
-speeder more error prone
-educated guess based on past experiments.
EX:Studying the night before the exam or Tic Tac Toe game by putting the X in the middle! |
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Term
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-Are one of the techniques we use in PROBLEMS SOLVING METHODS->THAT HELP
AKA:Mechanical
-Try different ways until one works
-may not work unorganized
EX:jigsaw puzzle |
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Definition
-Are one of the techniques we use in -PROBLEMS SOLVING METHODS->THAT HELP
-Solutions come suddenly and often (vs. strategy based)
-Aha!!
EX: "AHA! the answer just came" |
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Definition
-Are one of the techniques we use in PROBLEMS SOLVING METHODS->THAT HELP
-Ability to combine ideas and behaviors in new ways
-increase chances of success in certain solutions
-OR-
-puts info together in new ways to find a solution.
EX: think outside the box...9 dot problem |
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Term
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Definition
-Are one of the techniques we use in -PROBLEMS SOLVING METHODS->THAT HURT OR HINDER
-The tendency to favor info that supports one's intial hypotheses and ignore contradictoy info that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions
-Tendency to search for info that supports what we already think, and to ignore or distort info that contradicts our beliefs
EX:Political Debates
Once you believe something you look extra hard @ that, and ignore the other half. |
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Definition
-Are one of the techniques we use in -PROBLEMS SOLVING METHODS->THAT HURT OR HINDER
-The tendency for old patterns of problem solving t persist.
-Tendency to approach problems from only one way (esp. if worked in past) But...failure to see from new perspective can slow problem solving too.
*Thinking outside the box-breaking free of mental sets
EX: O T T F? What comes next? it would be F (one,two,three,four,five) or J F M A What comes next? M (Jan,Feb,March,Apr, May)
9 dot problem |
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Definition
-Are one of the techniques we use in -PROBLEMS SOLVING METHODS->THAT HURT OR HINDER
-The tendency to think of an object only in terms of its typical use.
-Tendency to think of things only in terms of usual functions
*Bound by the usual can slow down problem solving
EX: I can't fix that, I don't have a screwdriver
The string problem (pg168) |
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