Term
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Definition
| make their own food through the process of photosynthesis, sustain themselves, and don't usually consume organic molecules derived from other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| use the energy of light to produce organic molecules |
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Definition
| are prokaryotes that use inorganic chemicals as their energy source |
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Term
Heterotrophs.... (1)
____ are heterotrophs |
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Definition
are consumers that feed on plants or animals or decompose organic materials.
WE ARE heterotrophs |
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Term
| Photosynthesis takes place in the ______, converts ______ and ____ into organic molecules and releases ______ |
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Definition
chloroplasts,
carbon dioxide and water,
oxygen |
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Term
| Plants require oxygen to not only photosynthesis in which they can release it, but as so the can... |
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Definition
| break down ATP and organic compounds |
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Term
| ___ green parts of plants have chloroplasts in their cells and can carry out photosynthesis, however ______ most of the time contain the most amount of chloroplasts and are the major sites of photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
is responsible for initial absorption of light, and is the important light absorbing pigment in chloroplasts.
Is responsible for the green color of plants
Plays a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy |
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Term
| The ultimate source of energy in the sugar molecules produced by photosynthesis is... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis and consumed by the Calvin Cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are green wavelengths the least useful for photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| Because the chloroplast reflects green light |
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Term
| When chloroplast pigments absorb light, their ______ become excited |
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Definition
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Term
| The overall function of the Calvin Cycle is to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following correctly matches each of the inputs of the Calvin Cycle with it's role in the Cycle? |
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Definition
CO2= carbon
ATP= provides energy
NADPH= high-energy electrons |
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Term
| The main photoautotrophs in aquatic environments are... |
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Definition
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Term
| Sugar is NOT a product of the _______________. |
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Definition
| light reactions of photosynthesis |
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Term
| ___ is oxidized in photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The carbon-fixation process in ___ and ____ plants differ from that of the majority of plants. These two plants are better adapted to... |
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Definition
C4 and CAM plants
...hot, dry conditions |
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Term
| Aside from their importance in passing energy on to the chlorophyll, carotenoid pigments also function in... |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ photon would carry the most energy |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ photon would carry the most energy |
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Definition
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Term
| In a rosebush, chlorophyll is located in the _________, which are in the ________ in the ________ cells of a leaf |
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Definition
| thylakoids, chloroplasts, mesophyll |
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Term
| The photo part of photosynthesis refers to..., whereas synthesis refers to... |
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Definition
| the reactions that occur in the thylakoids...carbon fixation |
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Term
| The energy used to produce ATP in the light reactions of photosynthesis comes from movement of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the six steps of chemiosmothic ATP synthase in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis |
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Definition
1. Light excites electrons in photosystem two
2. Electrons from photosystem two pass along the electron transport chain
3. Carriers use energy from electrons to move H+ across the membrane
4. H+ concentration gradient established
5.H= diffuses through the ATP synthase
6. Energy of H+ flow used by ATP synthase to make ATP |
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Term
| The way ATP synthase captures the energy of H+ ions in the light reactions appears to be similar to the way a turbine in a dam... |
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Definition
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Term
| Oceanographers have suggested slowing the rate of greenhouse warming by fertilizing the ocean to increase the growth of algae. How would this reduce the greenhouse effect? |
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Definition
| It would use CO2, which would otherwise trap heat in the atmosphere |
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Term
| Ozone depletion might lead to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Rubisco can be referred to as the "most important enzyme" because it... |
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Definition
| carries out carbon fixation |
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Term
| Carbon fixation is the first step of the _______. In this first step, Rubisco causes CO2 and RuBP to combine. The product of this combination are two _________ of _____. For the three CO2 entering, SIX ____ are the FINAL RESULT |
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Definition
Calvin cycle.
two molecules of 3-PGA.
for the CO2 enetering, six 3-PGA are formed as a FINAL RESULT |
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Term
| ______ is the second step of the Calvin cycle. Two chemical reactions consume _____ from the six ATP and _______ six molecules of NADPH. Six molecules of _____ are reduced, producing six molecules of ______ |
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Definition
Reduction.
energy...oxidize...
six molecules of 3-PGA are reduced, producing six molecules of G3P |
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Term
| The third step of the Calvin cycle is the release of ONE ____ molecule. The plant uses this molecule to make ______ and other organic compounds |
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Definition
ONE G3P molecule...
to make glucose and others... |
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Term
| In step four of the Calvin cycle, ____________ of RuBP occurs. A series of chemical reaction uses energy from ____ to rearrange the atoms in the five G3P milecules forming ______________. These molecules can restart the entire cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| The shorter the wavelength of light, the ________ the energy of it's photons |
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Definition
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Term
| C3 plants are widely distributed, and include ___,_____,_____, and ______. One downside is that ____________ decrease the number of crops |
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Definition
oats, wheat, rice, and soybeans
warmer climates |
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Term
| In the thylakoid, the pH is more ______, while in the stroma is more _____. The difference is created by the ______ of H+ ions that occur in the light reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| In phosphorylation, the source of high energy electrons comes from ___________ by light energy |
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Definition
| water molecules being split |
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Term
| Plants get most of their bulk from carbon dioxide instead of water. This occurs through ______ in the Calvin cycle that sustains itself from newly formed ________ that can be stored over the longterm |
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Definition
through carbon fixation...
newly formed sugar molecules |
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Term
| C.B. van Niel's hypothesis about photosynthesis wasn't proven until the 1950's by using a ___________ of oxygen to follow the fate of oxygen atoms during photosynthesis. This was one of the first example of isotopes being used as ________ in biological research |
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Definition
using a heavy isotope...
used as tracers... |
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Term
| Increase _______ of fossil fuels and clearing of _____ for ______ have aided in global climate change |
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Definition
combustion,
clearing of forests for lumber |
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