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Definition
| a pre-treatment baseline condition (A) followed by a condition treatment (B) |
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Term
| Affirmation of the Consequent |
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Definition
a 3-step form of reasoning that begins with a true antecedent - consequent (if A then B) statement and proceeds as follows: (1) if A is true, then B is true; (2) B is found to be true; (3) therefore, A is true. Although other factors could be responsible for the truthfulness of A, a sound experiment affirms several if-A-then-B possibilities, each one reducing the likelihood of factors other than the independent variable being responsible for the observed changes in behavior.
the assumption that, if the IV were not applied, the behavior, as indicated by a stable baseline, would not change. (171) |
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Definition
| a data path that shows an increasing trend in the response measure over time |
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Definition
| A condition of an experiment in which the independent variable is not present; data obtained are the basis for determining the effects of the independent variable; a control condition that does not necessarily mean the absence of instruction or treatment, only the absence of a specific independent variable of experimental interest. |
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Definition
| the experimental reasoning inherent in single-subject experimental design (prediction, verification, and replication). Depends upon steady state strategy. |
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Definition
| an uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the DV (dependent variable) |
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Definition
| some measure of a socially significant behavior, measured to determine if it changes as a result of manipulations of the IV (independent variable) |
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Definition
| a data path that shows a decreasing trend in the response measure over time |
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Definition
| 2 meanings (a) the outcome of an experiment that demonstrates convincingly a functional relation (i.e. when a predictable change in behavior can be reliably produced by manipulating a specific aspect of the environment AND (b) the extent to which a researcher maintains precise control of the IV by presenting it, withdrawing it, and/or varying its value, and also eliminating or holding constant all confounding and extraneous variables |
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Definition
| a particular arrangement of conditions in a study so that meaningful comparisons of the effects of the presence and absence (or different values) of the IV can be made. Two kinds: New condition introduced, old one reintroduced. |
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Definition
| the degree to which study's findings have generality to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors |
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Definition
| any aspect of the experimental setting that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variations |
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Definition
| The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment |
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Definition
| the extent to which an experiment shows convincingly that changes in the behavior are a function of the IV and not the result of uncontrolled or unknown variables |
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Definition
| an experimental design to discover the differential effects of a range of values of an IV. (How much) |
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Definition
| improvements in performance resulting from opportunities to perform a behavior repeatedly so that baseline measures can be obtained |
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Term
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Definition
| the anticipated outcome of a presently unknown or future measurement. One of three components of the experimental reasoning, or baseline logic, used in single-subject research designs. Measures of future responding derived from steady baseline measurement. |
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Term
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Definition
| (a) repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity, (b) repeating whole experiments to determine the generality of findings of previous experiments to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors |
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Term
| single-case designs (AKA Single Subject designs) |
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Definition
a wide variety of research designs that use a form of experimental reasoning called baseline logic to demonstrate the effects of the IV (independent variable) on the behavior of individual subjects.
the experimental logic or reasoning for analyzing behavior change employs the subject as their own control. Repeated measures of each subjects behavior are obtained as they are exposed to each condition of the study.
(Within-subject or intra-subject) |
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Term
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Definition
| repeatedly exposing a subject to a given condition while trying to eliminate or control extraneous influences on the behavior and obtaining a stable pattern of responding before introducing the next condition |
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Term
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Definition
accomplished by demonstrating that the prior level of baseline responding would have remained unchanged had the IV not been introduced; reduces the probability that some uncontrolled variable was responsible for the observed change in behavior.
1 of 3 components of the experimental reasoning, or baseline logic, used in single-subject research designs. (172) |
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Term
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Definition
| when data shows no evidence of an upward or downward trend, and all the measurements fall within a small range of values. |
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Term
| steady-state responding (AKA stable state responding) |
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Definition
| a pattern of responding that exhibits relatively little variation in its measured dimensional quantities over a period of time. |
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Definition
| unstable responding. Data points do not consistently fall within a narrow range of values, nor do they suggest any clear trend. |
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Term
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Definition
| a brief, specific statement a what the researchers wants to learn from the experiment. 1. Form of a question, 2. stated implicitly within the study's purpose. |
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Term
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Definition
| a verbal statement summarizing the results of an experiment that describes the coourrence of the phenomena under study as a function of the operation of one or more specified and controlled variables in the experiment in which a specific change in one event (the dependent variable) can be produced by manipulating another event (the independent variable) and that the change in the dependent variable was unlikely the result of other factors (confounding variables) |
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