Term
|
Definition
Theophylline
caffeine citrate
a.k.a. methylxanthines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Asthma & COPD - only if other therapies fail
Most usage in apnea of prematurity, although Caffeine citrate preferred |
|
|
Term
| Theophylline side effects |
|
Definition
numerous and serious
anxiety, headache, insomnia, tremors, convulsions
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
tachycardia, arrhythmias
narrow therapeutic index
patient response varies
method not known |
|
|
Term
| Theophylline dosage/serum |
|
Definition
<5 μg/ml: No effects seen
10 to 20 μg/ml: Therapeutic range
>20 μg/ml: Nausea
>30 μg/ml: Cardiac arrhythmias
40 to 45 μg/ml: Seizures
Asthma - 5 to 15 μg/ml
COPD - 10 to 12 μg/ml |
|
|
Term
| anticholinergic bronchodilators |
|
Definition
Atropine sulfate
Ipratropium bromide
Tiotroprium bromide
Ipratropium + albuterol
all are maintenance drugs except combination |
|
|
Term
| What is Tiotroprium bromide's trade name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Tiotroprium bromide's classification? |
|
Definition
| Long-acting Anticholinergic Bronchodilator |
|
|
Term
| What are Tiotroprium bromide's side effects? |
|
Definition
Dry mouth & throat, cough
increased HR
Blurred vision |
|
|
Term
| What is Tiotroprium bromide's dosage? |
|
Definition
1 capsule once a day, DPI
(DPI = Dry Powder Inhaler) |
|
|
Term
| What is Tiotroprium bromide's instruction? |
|
Definition
| Must use the HandiHaler to administer |
|
|
Term
| What is Ipratropium bromide's trade name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Ipratropium bromide's classification? |
|
Definition
| Short-acting Anticholinergic Bronchodilator |
|
|
Term
| What are Ipratropium bromide’s side effects? |
|
Definition
Dry mouth, cough
(PROTECT EYES)
Flu-like symptoms
Nervous, irritated
Dizzy, headache
Palpitation, rash
urinary retention
eye pain |
|
|
Term
| What is Ipratropium bromide's dosage? |
|
Definition
Liquid: 500 µg (0.5 mg)
MDI: 36 µg |
|
|
Term
| What are Ipratropium bromide's instructions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Acetylcysteine's trade name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Acetylcysteine's classification/mechanism/other usage? |
|
Definition
Mucolytic
breaks disulfite bond
can be used for acetaminophen overdose |
|
|
Term
| What is Acetylcysteine's dosage? |
|
Definition
| 1000 mg (Available in 10% and 20%) |
|
|
Term
| What are Acetylcysteine's instruction? |
|
Definition
NEVER use by itself.
ALWAYS use bronchodialator first/with it. |
|
|
Term
| What is Dornase Alfa's classification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Dornase Alfa's side effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Dornase Alfa's instructions? |
|
Definition
clears purulent secretions in cystic fibrosis.
Do not mix with other meds! |
|
|
Term
| What is Ipratropium bromide's usage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ipratropium bromide and albuterol Combination |
|
Definition
Trade Names: Combivent or Duoneb
combination more effective than either drug alone
improves FEV1 in COPD patients
31-33% more effective in combination |
|
|
Term
| anticholinergic bronchodilators are specifically , __________ that is, ________ agents, blocking the effect of __________ at the cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors on bronchial smooth muscle. |
|
Definition
parasympatholytic
antimuscarinic
acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
| The only approved anticholinergic agents for inhalation as an aerosol are |
|
Definition
ipratropium (Atrovent)
tiotropium (Spiriva) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased heart rate
pupil dilation
Drying of upper airways, tears, urinary, constipation, inhibits constriction & slows mucus |
|
|
Term
| Factors That Can Increase or Decrease Theophylline Levels and Affect Dosage |
|
Definition
Increased by
Alcohol
β-Blocking agents
Decreased by
β Agonists
Barbiturates
Cigarette smoking |
|
|
Term
| What is Dornase Alfa's mechanism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dornase alfa
N-acetylcysteine (NAC (Mucomyst) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protective, lubricating, waterproofing, barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forces between unlike molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forces between like molecules |
|
|
Term
| There are currently two agents administered by aerosol to modify airway secretions |
|
Definition
| acetylcysteine and dornase alfa |
|
|
Term
| The most serious potential complication with acetylcysteine is |
|
Definition
| Bronchospasm due to its acidity (pH 2.2) |
|
|
Term
| NAC is incompatible in mixture with |
|
Definition
antibiotics:
ampicillin
Amphotericin
Erythromycin
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides |
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