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| an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms |
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| the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen |
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| an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials |
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| the initial reactions in photosynthesis, which are triggered by the absorption of light by photosystems I and II and include the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and oxygen gas, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis |
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| an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
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| a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
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| a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast |
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| in plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast |
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| a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color |
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| a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates |
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| a class of pigments that are present mostly in plants and that aid in photosynthesis |
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| in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis |
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| primary electron acceptor |
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| a molecule or atom that can be reduced by gained an electron from something else. It is also called an electrophile or an oxidizing agent. Common strong electron acceptors are O2, Cl2, Br2, MnO42-, PbO2, Co3+, Cr2O72-, H2O2. In a table of standard redox potential, they are the species with the most positive reduction potentials. |
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| a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane |
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| in chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
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| a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |
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| the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide, such as in photosynthesis |
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| one of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur (plural, stomata) |
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| a carbon-fixing process in which carbon dioxide is bound to a compound to form a four-carbon intermediate |
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| crassulacean acid metabolism, a biochemical pathway in certain plants in which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic acids at night and released for fixation in the Calvin cycle during the day |
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