Term
| What is the general indication for the use of an adrenergic bronchodilatior? |
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Definition
| relaxation of airway smoothe muscle in prescence if reversabile airflow obstruction associated with acute and chronic asthma, bronchitis, emphasyema, and other airway obstruction diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| The adrenergic bronchodilator group is indicated for the treatment of reversible airway obstruction in diseases such as asthma and COPD. These agents produce bronchodialation by stimulating B2 receptors on airway smooth muscle. |
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Term
| What is the indication for use of a short-acting agent? |
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Definition
| When there is an airway obstruction in asthma or other obstructive airway diseases. for breakthrough symptoms or for |
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Term
| What is the indication for use of a long-acting agent? |
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Definition
| It is to control bronchospasms and for control of nocturnal symptoms in asthma or obstructive diseases. |
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Term
| Another name for a long-acting agent is a “controller” |
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Definition
| Salmeterol, formoterol, and arformoterol |
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Term
| What is the indication for use of racemic ephinephrine? |
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Definition
| Inhaled or aerosol, used to reduce airway swelling after extubation or during epiglottis, croup or bronchiolitis, or to control airway bleeding during endoscopy. |
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Term
| What are the three types of subgroups of adrenergic bronchodialators? Differentiate between the three types and give examples of each type. |
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Definition
1.) Ultrashort-acting- Epinephrine, isoproterenol, isoetharine
2.) Short-acting- Abuterol, levalbuterol, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, terbutaline.
3.) Long-acting- Salmeterol, formoterol, aformeterol. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of a group of similar compounds having a sympathomimetric action, and a chemical structure consisting of an aromatic catechol nucleus and a dialiphatic amine side chain. |
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Term
| Examples of Catecholamines- |
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Definition
| Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and isoetharine. |
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Term
| What is another name for catecholamines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some side effects seen with catecholamines? |
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Definition
| Tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, smooth muscle, relaxationof bronchioles and skeletal muscle blood vessels, glycogenolysis, skeletal muscle tremor, and CNS. |
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Term
Adrenergic Bronchodilators can exist in two different spatial arrangements, producing isomers.
What are Enantiomers? |
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Definition
| Have similar physical and chemical properties, but not the same physiological effects. |
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Term
| Levalbuterol represents the first synthetic inhaled solution available as the single (R) isomer of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A potent catecholamine bronchodilator that stimulates both a and b receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A potent catecholamine bronchodialator that stimulates both b1 (cardiac) and b2 receptors. It is usually used for nebulization until the advent of the more b2-specific agents such as isoetharine and later the resorcinols, saligeniins, and others. |
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Term
| Is isoproterenol still used as a nebulizer solution? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A prodrug is when a drug is administered and the drug is converted in the body to an active drug. |
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Term
| What are 3 strengths of levalbuterol available for nebulization? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 0.63mg dose of levalbuterol was found to be comparable to what strength albuterol? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the benefits of using levalbuterol over regular albuterol? |
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Definition
| The side effects are far less, there is a smaller chance of tachycardia. |
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Term
| What are the two benefits mentioned for use of long-acting agents for asthmatic patients? |
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Definition
| Longer acting agents offer the advantages of less frequent dosing and protection through the night for asthmatic patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| Salmeterol, formoterol, and aformoterol represent long acting b2 agonists with a 12 hour duration of action resulting from their unique pharmacodynamics. |
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Term
| What is the duration of action for salmeterol? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is formoterol? How long is its duration of action? |
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Definition
| A b2 selective agonist with a long acting bronchodialatory effect of up to 12 hours in duration. |
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Term
| Compared to salmeterol, is the onset of action quicker or slower with formoterol? |
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Definition
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Term
| National guidelines recommend the introduction of a long-acting b agonist in what step of asthma care? |
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Definition
| is not controlled by regular low dose inhaled corticosteroids. step 3 |
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Term
| Use of long-acting b agonists may prevent the need to increase |
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Definition
| the inhaled dose of Corticosteroids. |
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Term
| Are long-acting B agonists recommended for rescue bronchodilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of B agonist should be prescribed and available for asthmatics for treatment of breakthrough symptoms? |
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Definition
| A short-acting b agonist such as albuterol |
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Term
| Can B agonists substitute for inhaled corticosteroids? |
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Definition
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