Term
| Skeletal system components |
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Definition
Bones (206 total)
1.Axial skeleton (126 bones)
2.Appendicular skeleton (80 bones)
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Term
Axial skeleton (126 bones)
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Definition
•Bones of skull, thorax, and vertebral column
•Form longitudinal axis of body |
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Term
| Appendicular skeleton (80 bones) |
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Definition
Bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton |
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Functions of Skeletal System
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Definition
- Support
- Storage of Mineral
- Blood cell production
- Protection
- Leverage
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Term
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Definition
-Thin, roughly parallel surfaces
-Examples: cranial bones, sternum
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Definition
-Irregular bones formed between cranial bones
-Number, size, and shape vary |
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Definition
-Relatively long and slender
-Examples: various bones of the limbs |
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Definition
-Complex shapes
-Examples: vertebrae, bones of pelvis, facial bones |
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Definition
-Small, flat and somewhat shaped like sesame seed
-Develop in tendons of knee, hands, and feet
-Individual variation in location and number |
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Definition
-Small and boxy
-Examples: Bones of the wrist (carpals) and (tarsals) |
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Definition
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Definition
| Chamber within bone, usually filled with air |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Head
-Tubercle
-Sulcus
-Tuberosity
-Diaphysis
-Trochlea
-Condyle |
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Term
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Definition
-Trochanter
-Head
-Neck
-Diaphysis
-Facet
-Condyle |
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Definition
-Crest
-Fossa
-Line
-Spine
-Ramus |
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Term
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Definition
-Consists largely of spongy bone (trabecular bone)
-Outer covering of compact bone
-Articular Cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
-Network of struts and plates
-Resists forces from various directions and directs body weight to diaphysis and joints |
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Term
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Definition
-Covers poritons of epiphysis that form articulations
-Avascular and recieves resources from synovial fluid |
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Definition
| Connects epiphysis to shaft |
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Definition
-Shaft
-Contains medullary cavity (marrow cavity)
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Term
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Definition
| Red blood cell production |
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Definition
| Growth and maintenance requires extensive blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
-Nutrient artery/vein
--nutrient foramen
-Metaphyseal artery/vein |
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Definition
-Commonly one in each bone
-Supplies osteons of compact bone with blood |
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Definition
| Tunnel providing access to marrow cavity |
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Definition
-Carry blood to/from metaphysis
-Connects to epiphyseal arteries/veins |
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Definition
-Mature bone cells that cannot divide
-Most numerous bone cell
-Maintain protein and mineral content of adjacent matrix
++dissolve matrix to release minerals
++Rebuild matrix to deposit mineral crystals
-Occupy Lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
-Produce new bony matrix (osteogenesis or ossifications)
-Become osteocytes once surrounded by bony matrix |
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Term
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Definition
-Mesenchymal (stem) cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
-Important in fracture repair
-Locations:
+Inner lining of periosteum
+Lining endosteum in medullary cavity
+Lining passageways containing blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
-Remove and remodel bone matrix
-Giant cells with 50+ nuclei
+derived from same stem cells as macrophages
-Release acids and proteolytic enzymes to dissolve matrix and release stored minerals (Osteolysis) |
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Definition
-Accounts for 2/3 of bone weight
-Interacts with calcium hydroxide to form crystals fo hydroxyapatite
+incorporates other salts and ions
+provides strength |
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