Term
| What produces the light within a firefly squid? |
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Definition
| It has organs called photopores that glow. |
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Term
| What is the function of luciferase in these reactions within the squid? |
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Definition
| In the presence of O, it catalyzes to emit light. |
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Term
| Where do many enzyme reactions occur within a cell? |
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Definition
| Usually in the membranes of an organelle. |
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Term
| How do membranes help in the organization of the chemical activities within a cell? |
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Definition
| It allows cell-cell recognition so cells can transport and receive chemicals. |
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Term
| Describe the structure of a cell membrane. Explain how the properties of phospholipids molecules determine the structure. |
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Definition
| Proteins are embedded in a fluid of phospholipids. The phospholipids are arranged that they aren't packed together so they remain fluid. |
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Term
| Why is the fluid mosaic model often used as the model to describe a cell membrane’s structure? |
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Definition
| Because it is composed of fluid phospholipids and mosaic (small pieces) of protein. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cholesterol in animal cell membranes? |
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Definition
| It regulates temperature and fluidity. |
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Term
| What is often the function of glycolipids or glycoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| More than ______different kinds of proteins have been found in the plasma membranes of certain types of cells such as red blood cells. |
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Definition
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Term
Each of the following is a role that proteins play within cell membranes. Explain each function and give an example.
a. Framework
b. Cell to cell recognition
c. Junction
d. Enzyme
e. Receptors
f. Signal transduction |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish between passive and active transport. |
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Definition
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Term
Define each of the following types of passive transport and give an example of each in living organisms.
a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Facilitated diffusion |
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Definition
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Term
Define “tonicity”. Explain the three states of tonicity:
a. isotonic
b. hypotonic
c. hypertonic |
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Definition
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Term
| What is osmoregulation and why is it important in living things? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plant cells require what state of tonicity to be the healthiest? |
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Definition
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Term
| As a plant cell loses water it undergoes plasmolysis. Describe what happens. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of contractile vacuoles in a Paramecium? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do transport proteins contribute to a membrane’s selective permeability? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain what a selectively permeable membrane is. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the four basic steps occurring during the active transport of a solute across a membrane. (See fig. 5.8) |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish between exocytosis and endocytosis. Give an example of each |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish between phagocytosis and pinocytosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of endocytosis enables body cells to take in cholesterol? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is hypercholesteremia related to receptor-mediated endocytosis? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distinguish between kinetic energy and potential energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of potential energy do cells use for work? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| State the first law of thermodynamics and give an example. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| State the second law of thermodynamics and give an example. |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of disorder in a system is called ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish between endergonic and exergonic reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
| How is photosynthesis an endergonic reaction? How is cellular respiration an exergonic reaction? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is cellular metabolism? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What does “energy coupling” refer to? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What molecule powers nearly all forms of cellular work? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Describe the structure of an ATP molecule. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is phosphorylation and why is it important? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the three main types of cellular work. Give an example of each. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How do enzymes help chemical reactions occur in a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes are biological catalyst. What is a catalyst? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Reactant an enzyme reacts on |
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|
Term
| What is the active site of an enzyme? |
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Definition
| Where the substrate binds with the enzyme |
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Term
| What does “induced fit” mean? |
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Definition
| When the active site changes shape slightly to fit the substrate |
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Term
| The names for most enzymes end in ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Higher temperatures, extreme pH, and concentration of salt are examples of conditions that can “denature” an enzyme. What happens to an enzyme when it becomes denatured? |
|
Definition
| It's shape and function is altered |
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Term
| What are cofactors and how do they work? Coenzymes? |
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Definition
| They are nonproteins that aid enzymes. Cofactors are inorganic, coenzymes are organic. |
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Term
| Distinguish between a competitive inhibitor and a noncompetitive competitor. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How does feedback inhibition regulate metabolism? |
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Definition
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