Term
|
Definition
| Mental category used to represent a class or group of people, organizations, events, situations that share common characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Defined by set of rule, formal definition also known as artifical concepts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not by definition but through everyday perceptions and experiences also known as fuzzy concepts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| example that embodies common features of concepts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual instances of concepts stored in memory from personal experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rule of thumb derived from experiences and used in decsion making and problem solving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cognitive rule of thumb that says probability of even or importance is based on availability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thinking strategy based on how a new object resembles a exisiting prototype f that object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decision making stops as soon as one moves toward as decision that has been recognized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Factors on which alternatives are to be evaluated are ordered from most to least important until all alternatives are elminated Ex. buying an apartment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a step by step procedure that guarantees a solution to the problem if applied appropriately Ex. Math problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure to use familiar objects to solve problems because tendency to view objects in terms of customary functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency to apply a familiar strategy to the solution of a problem without carefully considering the special requirements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smallest units of sound in spoken language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smallest units of meaning in a language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aspect of grammar used as rules for combining phrases or sentences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intelligence composed of general ability that underlines all intellectual functions. It taps into g factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studied patients with brain damage. Intelligence deals with spiritual realm and enables us to contemplate meaning of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 types of intelligence, Componetial, experiential, and contextual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
comparing individuals scores with the scores of others of the same age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to get around the same score when people are being tested then tested again with the same or alternative version of a test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Studied gifted people. Noticed that they tend to do well in everything and are well rounded people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| debate over if intelligence is heredity or of the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Showed that children exposed to upper middle class families their IQ was higher than national average so nurture won over nature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to produce multiple ideas, solutions, or answers to a problem for which there is no agreed solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pyramid of the esstential needs on the bottom leading up to basic needs at the top |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Desire to behave a certain way because it is enjoyable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Desire to behave in certain way in order to gain a reward to avoid a consequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biological needs create internal states of tension or arousal called drives, which organisms are motivated to reduce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People are motivated an optimal level of alertness and physical and mental activation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves the loss of water from inside body cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid is lost from body tissue |
|
|
Term
| What area of the brain contains the feeding center |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What area of the brain contains the satiety center |
|
Definition
| Ventromedial Hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| What hormone is produced by fat tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Individual becomes aware of emotional response ex. running away = fear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 parts 1.physiological arousal 2. a congnitive interpretation of explanation of the arousal that labels it as an emotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cognitive apprasial is the first step in an emotional response and all other aspects of emotion depend on it |
|
|
Term
| What brain structure is related to fear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Study of infants facial expressions |
|
Definition
| infants are able to desipher emotion |
|
|
Term
| Sternberg Triangular theory of love |
|
Definition
there is 7 kinds of love 1. liking 2.infatuation 3.empty 4.romantic 5. fatuous 6.compassionate 7. consummate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a relatively permanent change in behavior, knowledge, capability, attitude. Its aquired through experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of learning in which an organism learns to assiociate one stimulus with another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stimulus that elicts a specfic unconditoned response without learning. no learning just happens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
response that us elicted by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning. No learning is just natural Ex Salivate with food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neutral stimulus but paired with a ucs becomes assiociated with it and elicts a condition response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learned response that becomes to be elicted by a cs as a result of its repeated pairing eith an UCS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to make a conditoned sresponse to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learned ability to distinguish between similar stimuli so that the CR occurs only to the original condtioned stimulus but not to similar stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weakening and eventually disappearance of the CR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| little Albert showed no fear except loud noises by striking a gong next to his head while a fuzzy animal was infront of him. Conditioned fears persist and modify personality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Classical condtioning isnt repeated pairing of the conditionded stimulus and unconditioned stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gradually molding a desired behavior by reinforcing any movement in the direction of the desired response, thereby gradually guiding the responses toward the ultimate goal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a series of gradual steps each of which is more similar to the final desired response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in the frequency of a behavior that occurs as the result of the consequence that the behavior produces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an increase in a behavior that occurs as the result of the consequence that the behavior produces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| termination of an unpleasant condition after a response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a removal of a pleasent stimulus or the application of an unpleasent stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a reinforcer that fulfills a basic need of survial and doesnt depend on learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a reinforcer that is acquired or learned through association with other reinforcers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforcment is given after a fixed # of response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a schedule in which a reinforcer is given following the first correct response after a specific period of time has elasped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a reinforcer is given after the first correct response that follows a varying time on nonreinforcement based on average time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning a new behavior from a model through the acquisition of new responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of transforming info into a form that can be stored in memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keeping or maintaining info in memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bringing to mind info that as been stored in memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hold info from the senses for a period of time ranging from only a fraction of a second to about 2 secs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a memory strategy that involves grouping or organizting bits of info into larger units |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| that act of purposely repeating info to maintain it in short term memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| virtually unlimited capacity that contains vast stores of a persons permanent memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a memory strategy that involves relating new info to something you already know |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stores infor that can be brought to mind verbally or in the form of images |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of declarative memory that records events as they have been experienced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type f declarative memory that stores general knowledge or facts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stores motor skills or habits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a memory task in which a person must produce required infor by searching memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for info learned in a sequence recall is better for the beginning ending items than for the middle items |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to recall info better if one is in the same psychological state as when the info was encoded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what context you learned info in.. learn better in same context |
|
|
Term
how accurate is eye witness testimony |
|
Definition
| highly subjected to error |
|
|
Term
| what hormone enhances memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| encoding failure, failure to store, forget on purpose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cramming learning in one long practice session |
|
|
