Term
| What are the diagnostics for neurological disorders? |
|
Definition
• EEG
• MYELOGRAM
• PET SCAN
• CT WITH or w/o CONTRAST
• Glasgow Coma Scale |
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Term
|
Definition
| Temporary episodes of abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic activity that result from sudden excessive electrical discharge from cortical neurons |
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Term
|
Definition
| - A group of syndromes characterized by unprovoked, recurring seizures |
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Term
| What is status epileptics? |
|
Definition
| A series of generalized seizures that occur without full recovery of consciousness between attacks |
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Term
| What is an idiopathic seizure? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is an acquired seizure? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the goals of seizure management? |
|
Definition
| stop the seizures as quickly as possible, to ensure adequate cerebral oxygenation, and to maintain the patient in a seizure-free state |
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Term
| What is the major responsibility of the nurse during a seizure? |
|
Definition
| observe and record the sequence of signs. |
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Term
| What are the important nursing diagnoses for seizures? |
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Definition
o Prevention of injury (including aspiration)
o control of seizures
o achievement of a satisfactory psychosocial adjustment,
o acquisition of knowledge and understanding about the condition, and absence of complications |
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Term
| What are the undesired effects of Phentoyin (Dilantin)? |
|
Definition
o Gingival hyperplasia
o Hepatotoxicity
o Ataxia
o Decrease absorption of Vitamin D
o Steven-Johnson Syndrome
o Do not take with Coumadin because both are high protein bound drugs so one will not be absorbed |
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Term
|
Definition
| • Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| What are the two kinds of meningitis? |
|
Definition
o Septic - (bacterial)
o Aseptic - (viral) |
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Term
| Of the 2 kinds of meningitis, which is more contagious? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cardinal sign of meningitis? |
|
Definition
| NUCHAL RIGIDITY (neck stiffness) |
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Term
| What is nuchal rigidity also a sign of? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How is meningitis treated? |
|
Definition
| early administration of antibiotics that cross the blood–brain barrier |
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Term
| What drugs cross the bbb easiest? |
|
Definition
| Small lipid bound compounds |
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Term
|
Definition
| • Acute inflammation of the brain tissue (cerebral cortex) secondary to viruses (often HSV), bacteria, fungi, or parasites |
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Term
| How is encephalitis treated? |
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Definition
| Acyclovir (Zovirax) is the medication of choice in the treatment of HSV |
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Term
|
Definition
| a type of arboviral encephalitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| No medication is available; management is aimed at controlling seizures and increased ICP |
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Term
|
Definition
| • An immune-mediated, progressive demyelinating disease of the CNS |
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|
Term
| What is the etiology of MS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of MS? |
|
Definition
| • Varying motor and sensory losses with multiple secondary complications |
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|
Term
| What are the goals of treatment of MS? |
|
Definition
| treat acute exacerbations, delay the progression of the disease, and manage chronic symptoms |
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Term
| What to the goals/interventions of MS address? |
|
Definition
o Promoting and preserving mobility
o Minimizing spasticity and contractures
• Spasticity – uraspaz, cystospaz, baclophen
o Preventing injury
o Promoting bowel and bladder control
o Improving sensory function
o Enhancing coping
o Promoting sexual functioning |
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Term
| What is myasthenia gravis? |
|
Definition
| • An autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction that is characterized by fatigability and weakness of the voluntary muscles. Starts with head to legs |
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Term
| How does myasthenia gravis effect people? |
|
Definition
Mind-ground
Starts with head to legs |
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Term
|
Definition
| acetylcholine receptor sites |
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Term
|
Definition
| administration of anticholinesterase medications (do away with eraser so you have acetylcholine) and immunosuppressants |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions for MA? |
|
Definition
| medication management, minimizing aspiration risk, enhancing vision, and managing activity |
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Term
| What is a myasthenia crisis? |
|
Definition
| o myasthenic crisis (exacerbation of MG symptoms) |
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Term
| How is a M. crisis treated? |
|
Definition
| • Mestinon/Tensilon or Ephodrium Chloride |
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|
Term
| What is a cholinergic crisis? |
|
Definition
| (overmedication) (too much acetylcholine) |
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Term
| How is a cholinergic crisis treated? |
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Definition
| • Atropine or another anticholinergic |
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Term
| What is Guillain-Barré Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| • An autoimmune attack on the myelin of peripheral nerves and some cranial nerves |
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Term
| How does GBS effect people? |
|
Definition
| • Starts with legs ends with head. |
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|
Term
| How does GBS manifest people? |
|
Definition
| • Causes sudden motor and sensory losses |
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Term
| How is GBS medically managed? |
|
Definition
| emergency management of respiratory function, managing mobility, enhancing nutrition, decreasing anxiety, and promoting communication |
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Term
|
Definition
| • Unilateral inflammation of the seventh cranial nerve, which results in weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles |
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|
Term
| What causes Bell's Palsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the manifestation of Bell's Palsy? |
|
Definition
| • The face becomes distorted from paralysis of the facial muscles |
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Term
| How is Belly's Palsy treated? |
|
Definition
| • Treatment includes analgesics and corticosteroids |
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|
Term
| What is Parkinson's Disease? |
|
Definition
| • A slowly progressing neurologic movement disorder that eventually leads to disability |
|
|
Term
| What is the neurotransmitter deficit of Parkinson's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the manifestations of Parkinson's? |
|
Definition
| - tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia (without or decreased body movement), and postural disturbances |
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|
Term
| What are the goals of treatment for Parkinson's? |
|
Definition
| controlling symptoms and maintaining functional independence |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions for Parkinson's? |
|
Definition
| enhancing mobility, enhancing self-care, improving nutrition, maintaining bowel function, enhancing swallowing, improving communication, and supporting coping ability |
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Term
|
Definition
| • A progressive, irreversible, degenerative neurologic disease that begins insidiously and is characterized by gradual losses of cognitive function and disturbances in behavior |
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Term
| What are the early signs of Alzheimers? |
|
Definition
| forgetfulness and subtle memory loss, followed by personality changes. |
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Term
| What do drugs do for Alzheimers? |
|
Definition
| • DRUGS DO NOT SLOW PROGRESSION, CAN HELP MANAGE EARLY SYMPTOMS. |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions for Alzheimer's? |
|
Definition
| Promoting the patient’s physical safety, Promoting independence in self-care, Reducing anxiety and agitation, Improving communication, socialization, and intimacy, Promoting adequate nutrition, Promoting balanced activity and rest, Supporting and educating family caregivers |
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Term
|
Definition
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• A degenerative disease characterized by the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons |
|
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Term
| What are the symptoms of ALS? |
|
Definition
| fatigue and limb weakness with a gradual onset of asymmetric, progressive weakness |
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|
Term
| Is there a cure or treatment for ALS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main focus of management of ALS? |
|
Definition
| interventions to maintain or improve function, well-being, and quality of life |
|
|
Term
| What is Degernative Disk Disease? |
|
Definition
| • Manifestations are pain, motor and sensory deficits, and alterations of reflexes |
|
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Term
| What is the treatment for DDD? |
|
Definition
| • Treatment is usually conservative, but surgery is usually indicated if the degenerative disk is causing compression on the spinal cord |
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|
Term
| What kind of disk herniation is there in DDD? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
• The nurse is medicating a patient complaining of pain who requires frequent neuro checks. Which medication should be administered first?
o a. PCA
o b. Mild narcotic (Oxycodone, codeine)
o c. Strong Narcotic (Morphine, hydromorphone)
o d. Non-Narcotic (Acetaminophen) |
|
Definition
• d. Non-Narcotic (Acetaminophen)
• Start with non-narcotic to assess LOC |
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Term
• In order to prevent hypoxia, vomiting, and pulmonary aspiration in a patient who is having a seizure, the nursing should attempt to position the patient:
o Supine
o In a high Fowler’s position
o Side-lying
o Prone |
|
Definition
• Side-lying
• To prevent complications, the patient should be placed in the side-lying position to facilitate drainage of oral secretions. Supine, prone, or high Fowler’s positions do not adequately prevent these complications. |
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|
Term
• Is the following statement true or false?
• A plausible nursing diagnosis in the planning of an MS patient’s care is “risk for aspiration related to dysphagia.” |
|
Definition
o True
o Rationale: If the cranial nerves that control the mechanisms of speech and swallowing are affected by a patient’s MS, dysphagia may occur. Consequently, the patient faces a significant risk of aspiration that must be addressed in nursing care. |
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|
Term
• Which of the following interventions is most likely to preserve and promote the mobility of a patient with Parkinson’s disease?
o Implementation of a progressive exercise program
o Health education around energy conservation
o Appropriate use of splints and limb-support devices
o Administration of analgesics on a scheduled basis |
|
Definition
• A. Implementation of a progressive exercise program
• Rationale: A progressive program of daily exercise will increase muscle strength, improve coordination and dexterity, reduce muscular rigidity, and prevent contractures that occur when muscles are not used. Energy conservation may be relevant, but this will not necessarily enhance mobility. Pain is not normally a central problem, and limb support is not normally required. |
|
|
Term
• Is the following statement true or false?
• Cognitive functioning of the patient with AD is best enhanced by providing an engaging, high-stimulation environment. |
|
Definition
o False
o Rationale: To promote the patient’s interpretation of messages and overall function, the nurse should remain unhurried and reduce noises and distractions. Overstimulation exacerbates symptoms and inhibits the patient’s functioning and cognition. |
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|
Term
| What are the cranial nerves? |
|
Definition
o 1. Olfactory (smell)
o 2. Ocular (sight)
o 3. 4. 6. Ocular Motor (eye movement)
o 5. Trigeminal (sensation)
o 7. Facial (moving face)
o 8. Auditory (hearing)
o 9. 10. Glossopharyngeal & Vagus (chewing/swallowing)
o 11. Spinal Accessory (raise shoulders)
o 12. Hypoglossal (tongue movement) |
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|
Term
| What does CAESAR stand for? |
|
Definition
o CNS; dizziness; insomnia
o Antacids decrease effectiveness of anti-seizure medications
o Eat food with drug
o Support group for epilptics
o Alert tag indicating specific drug
o Report Unexpected Effects |
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|
Term
| What does MENINGES stand for? |
|
Definition
o Maintain bedrest with HOB up at 30 degrees to decrease intercranial pressure; monitor NECK
o Environmental stimuli decreased
o Non opiod analgesics for HA to avoid masking LOC
o Isolation precautions per protocol until antibiotics have been administered for 24 hours. Implement fever reduction measures (cooling blanket if necessary)
o Note: report meningococcal infections to public health department
o Give antibiotics for bacterial meningitis
o Educate client, family and staff about infection control practice, droplet precautions
Safety such as seizure precautions |
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|
Term
| What does PAINE stand for? |
|
Definition
Trigeminal Neuralgia
o Pain is excrutiating
o Avoid hot or cold
o Increase protein and calories
o Nerve cranial V
o Eye care |
|
|
Term
| What does IMAGE stand for? |
|
Definition
o Image
o Methycellulose
o Analgesics
o Give eye care
o Evaluate abilty to eat
BELL'S PALSY |
|
|
Term
| What drugs treat Bell's palsy? |
|
Definition
Prednisone
Antivirals
• Acyclovir
B Complexes
Rest
Oral Hygiene |
|
|
Term
| What do Kernig's and Brudzinski's sign test for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a positive Kernig's sign? |
|
Definition
| When the patient is lying supine with the hip flexed to a 90 degree angle, resistance to passive extension of the knee. |
|
|
Term
| What is a positive Brudzinski's sign? |
|
Definition
| When the patient's neck is flexed, flexion of the knees and hips is produced. When the lower extremity is passively flexed, a similar movement is seen on the other side. |
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|
Term
| What is a partial seizure? |
|
Definition
| Seizures that begin locally |
|
|
Term
| What is a simple partial seizure? |
|
Definition
| Elementary symptoms w/o impairment of consciousness with motor, special sensory/somatosensory, and autonomic symptoms, and compound forms. |
|
|
Term
| What is a complex partial seizure? |
|
Definition
W/ complex symptoms generally with impairment of consciousness
w impairment of consciousness only, with cognitive symptoms, with affective symptoms, with psychosensory symptoms, with psychomotor symptoms ,compound forms.
Partial seizures are secondarily generalized. |
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|
Term
| What is a tonic-clonic seizure? |
|
Definition
Generalized seizures that affect the ENTIRE brain
start with rigidity (tonic) followed by repetitive clonic activity of all extremities characterized by stiffening or jerking of the body
formerly grand mal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Seizures characterized by muscle stiffness, dilation of pupils, and altered respiratory patterns.
The body becomes stiff and the person may fall BACKWARDS. The seizure usually lasts less than 1 minute and recovery is rapid. |
|
|
Term
| What is a clonic seizure? |
|
Definition
| Characterized by jerking movements which involve muscles from both sides of the body |
|
|
Term
| What is Absence/petit mal? |
|
Definition
| Sudden loss of muscle tone, resulting in falls or a drop to the ground with rapid recovery |
|
|
Term
| What is myoclonic seizures? |
|
Definition
| Characterized by jerking (myoclonic) movements of a muscle group without loss of consciousness. |
|
|
Term
| What is an unclassified seizure? |
|
Definition
| Seizures that cannot be classified. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to produce a voice or speak |
|
|
Term
| What is bulbar paralysis? |
|
Definition
| impairment of function of the cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII. |
|
|
Term
| What is neurodegenerative? |
|
Definition
| Degenerative nerve diseases affect many of your body's activities, such as balance, movement, talking, breathing, and heart function. Many of these diseases are genetic. Sometimes the cause is a medical condition such as alcoholism, a tumor, or a stroke. Other causes may include toxins, chemicals, and viruses. Sometimes the cause is not known. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (commonly known as TRAPS) is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of fever. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Radiculopathy refers to a set of conditions in which one or more nerves are affected and do not work properly (a neuropathy). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spondylosis is a term referring to degenerative osteoarthritis of the joints between the center of the spinal vertebrae and/or neural foramina. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paresthesia is a sensation of tingling, tickling, pricking, or burning of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect. |
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