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| Transmembrane proteins that actively move ions into or out of cells against their concentration gradients. Their source of energy may be ATP or the electrochemical gradients of various ions. |
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| Active transporters that use the energy from ionic gradients to carry multiple ions across the membrane in opposite directions. |
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| Membrane pumps that use the hydrolysis of ATP to translocate ions against their electrochemical gradients. |
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| genetic diseases, that result from mutations in ion channel genes |
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| Active transporters that use the energy from ionic gradients to carry multiple ions across the membrane in the same direction. |
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| cyclic nucleotide-gated channels |
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| A class of ion channels that are activated and inactivated by second messenger cascades. These second messenger cascades usually involve the activation of a G-protein that is coupled to a G-protein-coupled receptor leading to increased phosphorylation capacity of adenylyl or guanyl cyclases: enzymes that can phosphorylate the channels and modify their permeability to ions. |
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| transmembrane protein that allows ions to flow down their concentration gradient |
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| my guess is a pump that moves ions across the membrane to produce a membrane potential |
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| The time-dependent closing of ion channels in response to a stimulus, typically membrane depolarization. |
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| Membrane transporters that exchange intracellular and extracellular ions against their concentration gradient by using the electrochemical gradient of other ions as an energy source. See also antiporters and co-transporters. |
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| The ability of channels to discriminate between different ions. |
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| ligand-gated ion channels |
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| Ion channels that respond to chemical signals rather than to the changes in membrane potential generated by ionic gradients. The term covers a large group of neurotransmitter receptors that combine receptor and ion channel functions into a single molecule. |
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| Ionic currents flowing through large numbers of ion channels distributed over a substantial area of membrane. |
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| Mechanosensitive channels |
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| Ion channels that respond to mechanical distortion of the plasma membrane. |
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| Ionic currents flowing through single ion channels. |
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| I'd say the creating of mutations. |
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| Na+ pump aka Na+/K+ pump aka Na+/K+ transporter |
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| A type of ATPase transporter in the plasma membrane of most cells that is responsible for accumulating intracellular K+ and extruding intracellular Na+. Also known as the Na+ pump. |
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| toxin that blocks the Na+ pump aka Na+/K+ pump |
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| Structural feature of an ion channel that allows ions to diffuse through the channel. |
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| An extracellular domain of amino acids, found in certain ion channels, that lines the channel pore and allows only certain ions to pass. |
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| suprachiasmatic nucleus. Hypothalamic nucleus lying just above the optic chiasm that receives direct input from the retina; involved in light entrainment of circadian rhythms. |
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| Structure within an ion channel that allows selected ions to permeate, while rejecting other types of ions. |
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| Thermosensitive ion channels |
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| Ion channels that respond to heat. |
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| Charged structure within a membrane-spanning domain of an ion channel that confers the ability to sense changes in transmembrane potential. |
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| Term used to describe ion channels whose opening and closing is sensitive to membrane potential. |
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| I'd say an imaging technique using X-rays to determine molecular structure. |
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