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Ch. 4 Cooper (2nd ed)
Measuring Behavior
28
Psychology
Graduate
05/06/2020

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Term
Artifact
Definition
an outcome or result that appears to exist behavior of the way it is measured bu in fact does not correspond to what actually occurred
Term
Celeration
Definition
the change in rate of responding over time, based on count per unit of time, expressed as a factor by which responding is accelerating or decelerating, used in Standard Celeration Charts
Term
Celeration Time Period
Definition
a unit of time (week, day, etc) in which celeration is plotted on a Standard Celeration Chart
Term
Celeration Trend Line
Definition
measured as a factor by which rate multiplies or divides across the celeration time periods
Term
Count
Definition
a tally of the number of occurrences of a behavior
Term
Discrete Trial
Definition
any operant whose response rate is controlled by a given opportunity to emit the response, each discrete response occurs when an opportunity to respond exists
Term
Duration
Definition
The total time that behavior occurs; measured by elapsed time from the onset of a response to its end point.
Term
Event Recording
Definition
obtaining a tally or count of the number of times a behavior occurs
Term
Free Operant
Definition
any operant behavior that results in minimal displacement of the participant in time and space, can be emitted at any time, discrete, requires minimal time to complete, and can produce a wide range of response rates (i.e. the # of words read during a 1-min counting period)
Term
frequency
Definition
How often a behavior occurs. (interchangeable with rate in 2nd ed.)
Term
interresponse time (IRT)
Definition
A measure of temporal locus, defined as the elapsed time between two successive responses.
Term
magnitude
Definition
The force or intensity with which a response is emitted; provides important quantitative parameters used in defining and verifying the occurrence of some response classes.
Term
measurement
Definition
The process of applying quantitative labels to describe and dif-ferentiate objects and natural events.
Term
measurement bias
Definition
Nonrandom measurement error; a form of inaccurate measurement in which the data consistently overestimate or underestimate the true value of an event.
Term
measurement by permanent product
Definition
A method of measuring behavior after it has occurred by recording the effects that the behavior produced on the environment.
Term
momentary time sampling
Definition
A measurement method in which the presence or absence of behaviors is recorded at precisely specified time intervals (at the moment each time interval ends) Good for measuring continuous activity
Term
partial-interval recording
Definition
A time sampling method for measuring behavior in which the observation period is divided into a series of brief time intervals (typically from 5 to 10 seconds). The observer records whether the target behavior occurred at any time during the interval.
Overestimates total duration, underestimates rates of high frequency Bx.
Term
planned activity check (PLACHECK)
Definition
A variation of momentary time sampling in which the observer records whether each person in a group is engaged in the target behavior at specific points in time; provides a measure of group behavior
Term
rate
Definition
A fundamental measure of how often behavior occurs expressed as count per standard unit of time (e.g., per minute, per hour, per day) and calculated by dividing the number of responses recorded by the number of standard units of time in which observations were conducted
Term
Repeatability
Definition
the fact that a behavior can occur repeatedly throughout time, one of the three dimensional quantities of behavior from which all behavioral measurements are derived
Term
Temporal Extent
Definition
every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time
Term
Temporal Locus
Definition
every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events; often measured in latency and IRT
Term
time sampling
Definition
A measurement of the presence or absence of behavior within specific time intervals. It is most useful with continuous and high-rate behaviors.
Term
topography
Definition
The physical form or shape of a behavior.
Term
whole-interval recording
Definition
A time sampling method for measuring behavior in which the observation period is divided into a series of brief time intervals (typically from 5 to 15 seconds). At the end of each interval, the observer records whether the target behavior occurred throughout the entire interval; tends to underestimate the overall percentage of the observation period in which the target behavior actually occurred.
Term
Percentage
Definition
a ration or proportion formed by combining the same dimensional qualities such as count or time, expressed as a number of parts per 100; typically expressed as a ratio of the number of responses of a certain type per total number of responses or opportunities
Term
trials-to-criterion
Definition
measure of the number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined level of performance
Term
response latency
Definition
measure of the elapsed time between the onset of a stimulus and the initiation of a subsequent response
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